高力学性能水凝胶研究进展

Research Progress of Hydrogels with High Mechanical Properties

水凝胶是一类具有三维交联网络结构的软湿性高分子材料。由于含水量高、网络结构不均匀、能量耗散机制低效及网络单元功能单一等不足,传统水凝胶普遍存在机械强度差、形变自恢复性能不佳等问题,严重制约了其实际应用。因此如何提高传统水凝胶的力学性能一直是功能高分子材料研究领域的前沿课题。总结和评述了近年来关于双网络结构、拓扑网络结构及非共价相互作用三种高力学性能水凝胶的研究进展,归纳分析了高力学性能水凝胶的常见应用,最后对其发展前景进行了展望。

Hydrogel is a kind of soft wet polymer material with three-dimensional cross-linked network structure.However,the disadvantages of heterogeneous structure with low energy dissipation efficiency and single function of network units lead to poor mechanical strength and deformation self-recovery performance,which seriously restrict their practical application.Therefore,design and synthesis of hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties have become one of the most important research topics in functional polymer material fields.Dual-network structure,topological network structure,and non-covalent interaction for the construction of high strength physical hydrogels were reviewed.The common applications of high mechanical strength hydrogels were summarized and analyzed.Finally,the development direction was prospected.