免疫性血小板减少症发病机制的研究进展

Research Progress in Pathogenesis of Immune Thrombocytopenia

免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是一种获得性自身免疫性、出血性疾病。儿童ITP异质性较强,目前越来越多的患儿病情反复,迁延不愈,导致慢性ITP增加。免疫失耐受引起免疫细胞或分子异常反应,导致血小板破坏增多或生成不足是ITP的核心发病机制。近年研究对ITP的发病机制带来了一些新的认识,除体液免疫、细胞免疫外,还包括血小板去唾液酸化、自噬与凋亡、程序性细胞死亡受体1、OX40、幽门螺杆菌感染及基因多态性等方面,为ITP的治疗提供了新方向。

Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)is an acquired autoimmune,hemorrhagic disease.The heterogeneity of ITP in children is high,and at present,more and more children′s disease is repeated and prolonged,resulting in the increase of chronic ITP.Immune intolerance leads to abnormal immune cell or molecular responses,leading to increased platelet destruction or insufficient generation,which is the core pathogenesis of ITP.Recent research advances have brought about some new understandings of the pathogenesis of ITP:in addition to humoral and cellular immunity,platelet desialylation,autophagy and apoptosis,programmed cell death receptor 1,OX40,Helicobacter pylori infection and gene polymorphism have provided new directions for the treatment of ITP.