喘息性支气管炎患儿常见呼吸道病毒感染特点及相关因素分析

Common Respiratory Virus Infections and Related Factors in Children with Wheezing Bronchitis

目的 探究喘息性支气管炎患儿4种常见呼吸道病毒感染特点及相关性。方法 回顾性分析安阳市人民医院2019年12月至2020年12月收治的607例喘息性支气管炎患儿的临床资料,采集所有患儿鼻咽分泌物样本,通过反转录聚合酶链式反应方法检测所有患儿鼻咽样本中的呼吸道病毒,包括柯萨奇病毒(CV)、EB病毒(EBV)、流行性感冒病毒[甲型流行性感冒病毒(infA)、乙型流行性感冒病毒(infB)]。探究不同年龄、不同发病季节、不同喘息史患儿病毒感染的差异,分析患儿呼吸道病毒感染类型与年龄、季节及喘息疾病史的相关性。结果 607例患儿中,共327例(53.87%)检测出呼吸道病毒感染病原体阳性,其中CV、EBV的占比较高,其次分别为infB与infA。不同年龄组患儿CV、EBV、infB及病毒总检出率的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),infA的组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);其中1~6个月、1~3岁、3~6岁患儿EBV的检出率较高,6个月~1岁患儿CV检出率最高。不同发病季节患儿CV、EBV及病毒总检出率的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),infA与infB组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);其中冬季检出率最高,春季与夏季CV的检出率较高,秋季与冬季EBV的检出率较高。有无喘息疾病史患儿CV及病毒总检出率的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),EBV、infA、infB组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);其中存在喘息疾病史患儿CV检出率最高,无喘息疾病史患儿EBV的检出率最高,喘息性支气管炎患儿年龄与EBV感染相关,患儿发病季节与EBV、infB感染相关,患儿喘息疾病史与CV感染相关(P<0.05)。结论 小儿喘息性支气管炎与呼吸道病毒感染关系密切,CV、EBV、infB等病毒均较为常见。另外,呼吸道病毒感染或与患儿年龄、发病季节及是否存在喘息疾病史相关。

Objective To explore the characteristics and correlation of four common respiratory virus infections in children with asthmatic bronchitis.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 607 children with wheezing bronchitis admitted to Anyang People’s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020,nasopharyngeal secretion samples of all children were collected,and the respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal samples of all children were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,including Coxsackie virus(CV),Epstein Barr virus(EBV),influenza virus[(influenza A virus,infA),and influenza B virus(infB)].The differences in virus infection among children of different ages,seasons of onset,and history of wheezing,and analyze the correlation between respiratory virus infection types and age,seasons,and history of wheezing disease in children were explored.Results Among the 607 children,a total of 327(53.87%)tested positive for respiratory virus infection pathogens,with CV and EBV accounting for a higher proportion,followed by infB and infA,respectively.The differences in CV,EBV,infB,and total virus detection rates among different age groups of children were statistically significant(P<0.05),while the differences in infA between groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The detection rate of EBV is higher in children aged 1-6 months,1-3 years,and 3-6 years,with the highest detection rate of CV in children aged 6 months-1 year.There was statistically difference in the total detection rates of CV,EBV,and virus among children in different seasons of onset(P<0.05),while there was no statistically difference between the infA and infB groups(P>0.05).The detection rate is highest in winter,higher in spring and summer for CV,and higher in autumn and winter for EBV.There was statistically difference in the total detection rate of CV and virus among children with or without a history of wheezing disease(P<0.05),while there was no statistically difference in the EBV,infA,and infB groups(P>0.05).Among them,children with a history of wheezing disease had the highest CV detection rate,while children without a history of wheezing disease had the highest EBV detection rate.Children with wheezing bronchitis had a correlation between age and EBV infection,the onset season of the disease was related to EBV and infB infection,and the history of wheezing disease was related to CV infection(P<0.05).Conclusion Asthmatic bronchitis in children is closely related to respiratory virus infection,with viruses such as CV,EBV,and infB being more common.In addition,respiratory virus infection may be related to the patient’s age,onset season,and history of wheezing disease.