国土空间规划管制视角下农村宅基地退出及增值收益分配测算

Calculation of rural residential land withdrawal and value-added income distribution from the perspective of territorial space planning regulation

在“多规合一”统筹推进国土空间规划及用途管制的背景下,建立科学合理的农村宅基地退出增值收益分配机制,以期优化国土空间布局、有效调动不同区域主体的积极性,助力解决农村宅基地退出利益分配的不充分不均衡。从国土空间规划管制视角,以协调“生态资源优势区”与“经济发展优势区”的农村宅基地退出增值收益为目标,运用基于“功能效用变化值”改进的Shapley值法,构建区域农村宅基地退出增值收益分配模型,以宅基地试点典型城市徐州市沛县为研究对象进行量化分析。结果显示:(1)基于国土空间规划管制的农村宅基地退出增值收益分配模式,兼顾了公平和效率,符合通过空间规划管制和市场调节协同推进的农村宅基地退出方向。(2)引入“功能效用变化值”修正后,农村宅基地退出增值收益分配比例更具说服力,其中,“经济发展优势区”农村宅基地退出增值收益在政府、集体和农户三者间的分配比例为31.52%、32.90%和35.59%;“生态资源优势区”农村宅基地退出增值收益在政府、集体和农户三者间的分配比例为30.25%、30.24%和39.88%。修正后的农村宅基地退出增值收益分配均倾向于农户。(3)全域维度下处于生态资源优势区的单位面积退出宅基地可额外获得经济补偿405.43元,经济发展优势区为经济补偿额的主要支付地区。基于此,提出以“发展权均衡,全域利益最大化”为原则,综合统筹考虑国土空间总体规划管制与农村宅基地退出,从宅基地退出的多功能价值的合理测算和增值收益的区域再分配两方面协同推进农村宅基地治理体系的完善。

Under the background of territory spatial planning and use regulation through the coordinated promotion of"multi-planning-in-one",it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable mechanism for the value-added income distribution of rural residential land withdrawal.In order to optimize the spatial layout of land,effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of different regional entities,and help solve the insufficient and uneven distribution of income in the rural residential land withdrawal.From the perspective of territorial space planning regulation,the paper aims to coordinate the value-added income of rural residential land withdrawal between"ecological resource advantage areas"and"economic development advantage areas".The paper uses the improved Shapley value method based on the"functional utility change value",and constructs a theoretical model for the distribution of value-added income from the rural residential land withdrawal in the region.Quantitative analysis will be conducted using the typical pilot city of rural residential land withdrawal in Peixian county,Xuzhou as the research object.The results show that:(1)The distribution model of value-added income for rural residential land withdrawal based on territorial space planning regulation takes into account fairness and efficiency.This allocation model is in line with the direction of promoting the withdrawal of rural residential land through the coordination of spatial planning regulation and market regulation.(2)After the correction of"functional utility change value"is introduced,the proportion of value-added income distribution for rural residential land withdrawal is more convincing.The distribution proportion of value-added income from the residential land withdrawal of rural bases in the"economic development advantage zone"among the government,collectives,and farmers is 31.52%,32.90%,and 35.59%,respectively.The distribution proportion of value-added benefits from the residential land withdrawal of rural bases in the"ecological resource advantage zone"among the government,collectives,and farmers is 30.25%,30.24%,and 39.88%,respectively.The revised distribution model leans towards farmers in terms of income distribution within different planning locations.(3)In the global dimension,the unit area in the ecological resource advantage zone can get an additional 405.43 yuan of financial compensation for rural residential land withdrawal,and the economic development advantage zone is the main payment area.Based on this,this article proposes the principle of"balancing development rights and maximizing overall interests",comprehensively considering the overall planning and control of land space and the withdrawal of rural residential land.The government needs to synergistically promote the improvement of the rural residential land governance system from two aspects:the reasonable calculation of the multifunctional value of residential land withdrawal and the regional redistribution of value-added benefits.