城市口袋公园研究现状与发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Urban Pocket Parks

在我国高密度城区和人口老龄化发展背景下,加强城市口袋公园设计与建设研究不仅必要而且紧迫。本文运用CiteSpace,并结合文献综述、技术分析等方法对2000—2022年我国城市口袋公园研究进行聚类分析及文献综合分析,结果表明:当前该领域的研究热点包括口袋公园、街旁绿地、景观设计、袖珍公园、公共空间、风景园林、微绿地、街头绿地、设计策略、规划设计等;口袋公园研究进展分为基础研究(2000—2006年)、稳步推进(2007—2018年)和快速发展(2019—2022年)3个阶段;其研究重点包括基础性研究、规划设计研究和评价研究。未来我国城市口袋公园研究的发展方向包括:多个口袋公园协同组群布局及单个口袋公园内部空间布局优化、景观设施布局优化、植物配置与优化研究;以环境行为学和环境心理学为理论基础,基于居民行为特征和心理需求的口袋公园适老性、适幼性、无障碍、人性化等方面的研究;综合运用建筑环境理论、遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对口袋公园与所在地区自然环境效应耦合关系进行系统性研究;口袋公园设计导则、建设和运维标准范式等的规范性研究;口袋公园设计的数字化和运维管理的智能化研究,以及在此基础上的口袋公园评价体系、评价方法、统计分析研究等。

Under the background of high-density urban areas and aging population in China,it is not only necessary but also urgent to strengthen the research on the design and construction of urban pocket parks.This paper uses CiteSpace,literature review,technical analysis and some other methods to conduct cluster analysis and comprehensive literature analysis on the study of urban pocket parks in China from 2000 to 2022.The results indicate that the current research hotspots in this field are pocket parks,roadside green space,landscaping,vest-pocket park,public space,landscape architecture,micro green spaces,street green land,design strategy,planning and design,etc.The research progress of pocket parks is divided into three stages:basic research(2000—2006),steady progress(2007—2018),and rapid development(2019—2022).In the basic research stage,the paper mainly studies the basic theories of street green space and vest-pocket park,which are the predecessor of the concept of pocket park,such as the development status at home and abroad,humanized design,and behavioral psychology,which lays a good foundation for the research of pocket park in China.In the stage of steady progress,the concept of pocket park is clearly proposed,the connotation of pocket park is interpreted,and the basic strategy of pocket park planning and landscape design is summarized.In the stage of rapid development,the research perspective turns to more micro aspects such as urban renewal,spatial layout of pocket park in the context of park city,optimization strategy,accessibility,fairness,interactivity,and comprehensive evaluation,etc.The research focus includes basic research,planning and design research,and evaluation research.The basic research has systematically sorted out and summarized the concept and connotation,construction scale,construction types,and usage functions of pocket parks.The planning and design research has extracted design strategies related to pocket parks from aspects such as spatial layout,landscape design,and elderly-oriented design.The evaluation research has evaluated the current situation of pocket parks from three aspects:social benefits,landscape benefits,and spatial structure.The development directions of urban pocket park research in our country in the future include:research on collaborative group layout of multiple pocket parks and optimization of internal spatial layout of a single pocket park,optimization of landscape facility layout,and plant configuration and optimization;research on the adaptability of pocket parks to the elderly,children,accessibility,and humanization according to the behavioral characteristics and psychological needs of residents,based on the theoretical foundations of environmental behavior and environmental psychology;systematically study on the coupling relationship between pocket parks and the natural environmental effects in the area by comprehensively applying architectural environmental theory,Remote Sensing(RS)technology,and Geographic Information System(GIS)technology;normative research on design guidelines,construction,operation and maintenance standard paradigms of pocket parks;research on digitization of pocket parks design and intelligent operation and maintenance management,as well as evaluation system,evaluation method and statistical analysis of pocket parks on this basis.