河北省不同盐渍化土壤类型的微生物多样性与种群结构

Microbial Diversity and Population Structure of Different Salinized Soil Types in Hebei Province

为了探索盐渍化土壤中微生物多样性及群落构成,有效筛选盐渍土壤中耐盐微生物菌群.采用高通量测序技术对采集的河北省滨海盐渍土(原生盐渍化)、设施盐渍土(次生盐渍化)和高产粮田(健康土壤)3个生境的耕层土壤样本细菌和真菌多样性、群落结构、网络关系及其影响因子进行测定.结果表明,与大田土壤相比,设施土壤中OM、AP、AK、TS和EC显著升高,滨海盐渍土壤的TS和EC显著升高,其他养分指标则显著降低.细菌α多样性依次为:设施盐渍土>高产粮田>滨海盐渍土,真菌α多样性则为高产粮田显著高于设施盐渍土和滨海盐渍土.在门和属水平上分析盐渍化土壤的菌群结构,细菌群落中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及其菌属和真菌群落中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)及其中有益菌Trichocladium和病原菌Fusarium为盐渍化土壤中的优势微生物类群.土壤EC和TS两个盐分因子是对细菌和真菌菌群分布贡献最大的因子,与绿弯菌门中unclassified_A4b和unclassified_Chloroflexi以及变形菌门中unclassified_α-Proteobacteria等细菌菌属和子囊菌门中Trichocladium、unclassified_Chaetomiaceae、Crassicarpon、Cephaliophora和Sodiomyces等真菌菌属呈显著正相关.研究结果为盐渍化土壤修复所需的微生物资源筛选提供了理论依据.

The objective of this study was to explore the microbial diversity and community composition under saline soil and to screen the salt-tolerant microbial flora from salinization habitats.The soil from three different habitats(primary salinization,secondary salinization,and healthy soil)in Hebei Province were sampled.The convention method and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to examine the physicochemical properties and microorganism diversity.The soil chemical properties of the three habitats were significantly different.Compared with those of field soil,the soil OM,AP,AK,TS,and EC values of greenhouse soil and TS and EC values of coastal saline soil were significantly higher.However,other chemical indexes of coastal saline soil were significantly lower.The diversity index and abundance of soil bacteria in greenhouse soil were the highest,followed by those in field soil and coastal saline soil as the lowest.The diversity index and abundance of fungi in two saline habitats were significantly lower than that in field soil.The community structure of saline soil was analyzed at the phylum and genus levels.Chloroflexi and its genera and Ascomycota and its genera,such as Trichocladium and Fusarium,were the dominant microbial groups in saline soil.EC and TS were the main factors affecting microbial diversity and community composition.EC and TS were positively correlated with unclassified_A4b,unclassified_Chloroflexi,unclassified_α-Proteobacteria,Trichocladium,unclassified_Chaetomiaceae,Crassicarpon,Cephaliophora,and Sodiomyces.The results of this study lay the foundation for future research on screening microbial resources needed for saline soil remediation.