跨流域调水三方合作博弈生态补偿研究——以南水北调中线工程为例

Ecological Compensation of Tripartite Cooperative Game ofInter-basin Water Diversion: A Case Study of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

协调跨流域调水工程各利益主体的利益关系是跨流域调水生态补偿的核心。为保障补偿的合理性和可实施性,推动工程效益可持续发挥,从合作博弈的角度出发,以南水北调中线工程为例,通过梳理工程运行过程中受水区、水源区和下游区之间用水和排污的响应关系,基于Shapley值法构建了各主体间成本共担、收益共享的跨流域调水工程横向生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:(1)2019~2021年,受水区所需要支付的生态补偿总额分别为55.26、54.83和63.96亿元,且北京市和天津市所需要支付的补偿金额较高;(2)受外调水优化配置和经济发展水平的共同影响,北京市、河北省和河南省的水资源价值呈上升趋势;(3)水源区和下游地区获得的补偿资金在弥补了其自身部分调水损失的同时随受水区调水收益的增加而增加,这有利于进一步提高合作的稳定性。总的来看,研究从合作的角度揭示了跨流域调水工程水资源优化配置的机理,为工程利益平衡机制的确定以及补偿标准的核算提供了可行的思路。

The core of ecological compensation for inter-basin water transfer project is to coordinate the interest relationship of various stakeholders.In order to ensure the reasonableness and implementability of compensation and promote the sustainable performance of project benefits,from the perspective of cooperative game,the middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion(SNWD)project was taken as an example in this study.A horizontal ecological compensation standard of inter-basin water transfer project was constructed,based on the Shapley value method by sorting out the response relationship of water use and sewage emissions between the water receiving area,water source area and downstream affected area during the operation of the project and sharing the cost and benefit among the subjects.The results showed that:(1)from 2019 to 2021,the annual ecological compensation required to be paid by the water receiving area was 5.526 billion yuan,5.483 billion yuan and 6.396 billion yuan respectively.The compensation amount required to be paid by Beijing and Tianjin was higher than other cities;(2)Under the joint influence of the optimal allocation of transferred water and the level of economic development,the value of water resources in Beijing,Hebei and Henan provinces tended to increase,while that in Tianjin city tended to decrease;(3)The compensation funds received by the source and downstream areas made up for some of their own water transfer losses.The funds increased with the increasing benefits of water transfer in the receiving area,which helped to further improve the stability of cooperation.Overall,this study revealed the mechanism of optimal allocation of water resources in inter-basin water transfer projects from the perspective of cooperation,and provided a feasible idea for the determination of the balancing mechanism of project benefits and the accounting of compensation standards.