1990~2019年不良饮食危险因素对中国≥55岁人群心血管疾病负担的影响

The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Dietary Risk Factors in Chinese Population Aged≥55 Years From 1990 to 2019

目的:分析1990~2019年中国≥55岁人群归因于不良饮食危险因素的心血管疾病(CVD)负担情况。方法:利用2019年全球疾病负担(GBD2019)数据库,分析中国≥55岁人群中不同性别、年龄人群归因于13种不良饮食危险因素的11种CVD负担。分析指标主要为死亡率和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)率。结果:2019年归因于不良饮食危险因素的CVD死亡率为233.34/10万,DALY率为4388.85/10万,与1990年相比分别下降了25.97%和35.47%。2019年归因于高钠饮食的CVD死亡率和DALY率分别为102.81/10万和2178.80/10万,与1990年相比分别下降了37.09%和41.62%,但在各种不良饮食危险因素中高钠饮食的顺位仍排名第一。归因于低蔬菜饮食、低纤维饮食和低水果饮食的CVD负担顺位在2019年明显下降。年龄越大,归因于不良饮食危险因素的CVD负担越大,2019年≥85岁组人群的CVD死亡率和DALY率分别为3012.21/10万和25650.51/10万,远高于其他年龄组人群。男性CVD死亡率和DALY率分别为286.94/10万和5653.18/10万,高于女性的185.35/10万和3256.93/10万。结论:与1990年相比,2019年归因于不良饮食危险因素的CVD负担降低,高钠饮食仍是主要危险因素。导致CVD负担的不同饮食危险因素顺位发生了较大变化,应有针对性地开展健康饮食的宣传教育,降低老年人群CVD风险。

Objectives:To analyze the cardiovascular disease(CVD)burden attributable to the dietary risk factors in the Chinese population aged≥55 years from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 database was used to analyze the impacts of 13 dietary risk factors on 11 types of CVD.The main analysis indicators were mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)rate.The population aged≥55 years was divided into 7 age groups to analyze the disease burden of CVD caused by dietary risk factors in different sex and age groups.Results:The CVD mortality and DALY rate attributable to dietary risk factors in 2019 were 233.34/100000 and 4388.85/100000,respectively,which were decreased by 25.97%and 35.47%compared with the respective rate in 1990.The CVD mortality and DALY rate attributable to high-sodium diet in 2019 were 102.81/100000 and 2178.80/100000,which decreased by 37.09%and 41.62%,respectively,compared with the respective rate in 1990,but still ranked the first in dietary risk factors.The ranking of CVD disease burden attributed to diet low in vegetable,in fiber and in fruit also significantly decreased in 2019.The impact of dietary risk factors on increased burden of CVD was higher in aged groups.In 2019,the CVD mortality and DALY rate in the age group 85 years and above were 3012.21/100000 and 25650.51/100000,respectively,which were much higher than other age groups.The CVD mortality and DALY rate in males were 286.94/100000 and 5653.18/100000,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in females(185.35/100000 and 3256.93/100000).Conclusions:Compared with 1990,the burden of CVD attributable to dietary risk factors decreased significantly in 2019.High-sodium diet remains the most important dietary risk factor of CVD.The burden of CVD attributable to dietary risk factors changed greatly from 1990 to 2019,and targeted publicity and education on healthy diet should be enhanced to further reduce the dietary risk of CVD,especially in the elderly and male population.