新型冠状病毒大流行期间肺动脉高压患者的新型冠状病毒感染情况及危险因素分析

Investigation on Coronavirus Disease-2019,Clinical Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic

目的:初步分析新型冠状病毒大流行期间肺动脉高压患者的新型冠状病毒感染率、感染后的临床特征及感染的危险因素。方法:2022年12月30日至2023年1月6日期间通过肺动脉高压病友互助组织的微信公众号发布调研链接和二维码,征集全国26个省(直辖市/自治区)年龄≥18岁的肺动脉高压患者填写电子调研问卷。结果:收到293例肺动脉高压患者的有效问卷,平均年龄为(40.6±12.7)岁,其中226例(77.1%)为女性。新型冠状病毒疫苗接种率为59.7%(175/293),117例(39.9%)患者接种3针及以上,145例(49.5%)患者接种灭活疫苗。242例(82.6%)患者感染新型冠状病毒,其中26例(10.7%)为重型/危重型患者,最常见的感染症状为发热(85.5%)、咳嗽(77.7%)、乏力(66.5%)、咽痛(50.0%)、味觉丧失(35.1%)和肌痛(26.5%)。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄(OR=1.057,95%CI:1.027~1.087,P<0.001)和合并肺部疾病(OR=3.341,95%CI:1.215~9.184,P=0.019)与重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染相关。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄是肺动脉高压患者发生重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染的独立危险因素(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.019~1.080,P=0.001),重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染是心力衰竭加重的独立危险因素(OR=10.522,95%CI:4.311~25.682,P<0.001)。结论:参与调研的肺动脉高压患者疫苗接种率低,肺动脉高压患者的重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染风险较高,高龄是重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染的独立危险因素,重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染患者在感染期间心力衰竭加重的风险显著增加。

Objectives:To investigate the prevalence,clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)in patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH).Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 30,2022 to January 6,2023 through the WeChat official account of the PH Patients Mutual Aid Organization.PH patients aged≥18 years from 26 province(municipality/autonomous region)were recruited to fill in the electronic survey questionnaire.Results:A total of 293 valid questionnaires were collected from PH patients.The mean age of patients was(40.6±12.7)years,and 226 patients(77.1%)of them were female.The vaccination rate was 59.7%(175/293),117 patients(39.9%)received three or more doses of vaccine,145 patients(49.5%)received inactivated vaccine.242 patients(82.6%)had COVID-19.The most common symptoms during infection were fever(85.5%),cough(77.7%),and fatigue(66.5%).10.7%of the patients had severe or critical COVID-19.Age(OR=1.057,95%CI:1.027-1.087,P<0.001)and comorbid pulmonary disease(OR=3.341,95%CI:1.215-9.184,P=0.019)were associated with severe or critical COVID-19.After adjusting for confounding factors,age was an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.019-1.080,P=0.001).Severe or critical COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for worsening heart failure in PH patients during COVID-19 pandemic(OR=10.522,95%CI:4.311-25.682,P<0.001).Conclusions:The immunization coverage of PH patients is insufficient.PH patients have a higher risk of developing severe or critical COVID-19 than general population.Ageing is an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19,and the risk of worsening heart failure in PH patients with severe or critical COVID-19 is significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic.