民国时期蒋介石对农民问题的认知与实践

Chiang Kai-Shek's Understanding and Practice of Farmers Issues During the Republic of China Period

蒋介石基于对国情的认知,重视农民的地位和作用。他对农民艰辛的生产生活有所体察,曾试图推行一些改革措施纾解民困、改善民生,但其渐进式的方法与措施难收实效。面对中国共产党的强力竞争,蒋介石曾想拉近农民与国民党之间的距离,但国民党上下居高临下的傲慢与轻视,很难赢得农民的好感。蒋介石改善农民生活的目的还是维持其在乡村的统治,视农民为其兵源、粮源与财源等。最终,广大农民抛弃了蒋介石与国民党。引入概念史的方法与视角,统计与分析蒋介石在《先总统蒋公思想言论总集》中“农民”一词的使用情况,是了解蒋介石在内地时期对农民问题的认知与实践的一种途径。

Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to the status and role of farmers based on his understanding of the national conditions.He was aware of the arduous production and life of farmers and had attempted to implement some reform measures to alleviate their hardships and improve their livelihoods,but his gradual reform failed to yield effective results.In the face of strong competition from the CPC,Chiang Kai-shek tried to close the gap between the farmers and the Kuomintang,but it was difficult to win the favor of the farmers because of the Kuomintang's arrogance and contempt.Chiang Kai-shek's goal in improving the lives of farmers was to maintain his rule in the countryside,viewing farmers as his source of troops,food,and finance.In the end,the vast majority of farmers abandoned Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang.Introducing the method and perspective of conceptual history,statistics and analysis of Chiang Kai-shek's use of the term"farmer"in the General Collection of Thought and Speech of Former President Chiang Kai-shek is a way to understand Chiang Kai-shek's understanding and practice of farmer issues during the mainland period.