秦王子婴身份再辨析

Further Analysis of the Identity of Ziying,King of Qin

秦王子婴的身份,《史记》及三家注有四条记载。传统学者认为,秦王子婴为“二世之兄子”。对此四条记载的理解不同,当今学者又提出秦始皇之弟、秦始皇弟之子、秦二世之兄、比较疏远的秦宗室成员等不同观点。这些观点均需改动甚至是丢弃原文。在不改动、不丢弃原文的情况下,这四条记载可统一在“二世之兄子”的观点之下:《秦始皇本纪》“二世之兄子公子婴”。《六国年表》“二世兄子婴”,即二世之兄子,其名为婴(“婴”与“子婴”可混用)。《李斯列传》“始皇弟(子婴)”,此“弟子”泛指后辈,即秦始皇的后辈,其名为婴。子婴当为秦二世从兄之子,其详情不可确知。学者提出的诸多质疑,如子婴父子的年龄问题、“公子”为诸侯之子的专称问题、子婴劝谏秦二世讥讽赵高的问题等,均可得到合理解释。

There are four records on the identity of Ziying,King of Qin,in Historical Records and other three connotations to it.Traditional scholars believe that Ziying,King of Qin,is the nephew of Qin Er Shi.With different understandings of the four records,scholars also put forward different views on the younger brother of Qin Shi Huang,the son of Qin Shi Huang’s younger brother,the brother of Qin Er Shi,and the relatively distant members of the Qin clan.These viewpoints require modification or even abandonment of the original text.Without changing the original text,these four records can be unified under the view of the nephew of Qin Er Shi.Many questions raised by scholars,such as the age of Ziying and his son,the special name of“Gongzi”as the son of kings,and the question of Ziying admonishing Qin Er Shi,can be reasonably explained.