乡村振兴战略中农村妇女参与基层治理的路径研究——以云南楚雄彝族自治州W村妇女组织建设为例

Rural Revitalization Strategy:A Path Study“Taking the Construction of Women’s Organization in Village W of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province as an Example”

农村妇女是乡村建设的重要力量,建立农村妇女组织为妇女参与基层社会治理提供了新的组织依托。本研究采用赋权理论分析了W村通过组织赋能促进农村妇女参与乡村基层治理的路径,探索促进男女平等基本国策和乡村振兴战略的融合式发展路径。研究发现,妇女组织培育是提升妇女参与基层治理效能的关键途径;培养乡村妇女骨干力量,以村落历史唤醒民族文化意识促进民族交往,以产业发展带动妇女组织发展是妇女参与基层治理的具体手段;妇女组织建设提供了妇女与国家、社会和家庭重新联结的纽带,重建了妇女的社会身份,实现了妇女的心理赋能、文化赋能和政治赋能,促进了妇女参与公共事务决策,增强了其政治话语权和对生活的掌控感,使农村妇女能够与其他主体共同构成多元治理格局,提升了乡村经济治理、文化治理和能力治理效能,推动了乡村振兴和男女平等国策的互促式发展。但是,民族地区农村妇女组织的可持续发展还需要加强制度性支持和社会支持。

Rural women,as an important force in grass-roots governance in the countryside,are an important force in the construction of the countryside,and the establishment of rural women’s organisations has provided a new organisational basis for women’s participation in grass-roots social governance.The realisation of organisational empowerment in underdeveloped rural areas under the rural revitalisation strategy needs to rely on external top-down promotion,and organisational empowerment is one of the effective paths for promoting rural women’s participation in grass-roots governance in the countryside.Organisational forms can create a mutual supportive group space for women,in which women’s own strengths and internal motivation can be stimulated,which is conducive to the promotion of women’s free expression,and organisational forms can also represent the voice of the group and rebuild women’s social identity.This case adopts the perspective of empowerment theory to analyse the path of promoting rural women’s participation in rural grass-roots governance through organisational empowerment,outlining the internal mechanism of empowering women’s organisations in contemporary rural grass-roots governance from the perspective of empowering subjects,empowering paths,and empowering goals,and revealing the logic of women’s organisations’participation in the construction of rural grass-roots governance communities,and the logic of the overall development of which is based on organisational empowerment as a breakthrough,and on the empowerment of individuals,The overall development logic is to take organisational empowerment as a breakthrough,and to promote ethnic minority women’s empowerment in three dimensions:individual empowerment,interpersonal empowerment and social empowerment.Firstly,at the individual level,through training courses,interest classes and other capacity enhancement groups,women’s selfconfidence has been strengthened and psychological empowerment has been achieved,so that women can go out of their homes and give full play to their strengths and advantages as independent villagers.Secondly,at the interpersonal level,through the formation of women’s art troupes,the excavation of village history and culture,the creation of village songs,and the performance of ethnic songs and dances to awaken the villagers’awareness of their ethnic culture,women are placed in the collective culture and life,and they establish a sense of connection between themselves and the collective culture,and develop a new sense of identity through collective mutual assistance,thus realising cultural empowerment.Thirdly,at the level of political participation,the revitalisation of rural industries has led to the development of women’s organisations,and women’s gender advantages have been fully demonstrated in the development of secondary and tertiary industries,which has enhanced women’s status in social and political participation,so that rural women of the Yi ethnic group have dared to step out of their homes,and have transformed themselves from housewives into modern villagers with national self-confidence,self-esteem and a sense of belonging to their countryside,and possessed a stronger sense of self-control and social responsibility in their rural lives.This will lead to the exploration of integrated development that promotes the basic national policy of gender equality and the strategy of rural revitalisation.The study found that women’s organisations are a key way to enhance the effectiveness of women’s participation in grass-roots governance;cultivating rural women’s backbone,awakening cultural awareness through village history,and promoting women’s organisational development through industrial development are the specific means;women’s organisations provide a link to reconnect with the state,society and family,and through capacityimprovement training,rural women are empowered psychologically at the individual level and their selfconfidence is enhanced;rural cooperatives are the vehicle to promote the development of rural women’s self-confidence.Rural cooperatives have promoted women’s participation in decision-making in public affairs,achieving the goals of political and cultural empowerment at the interpersonal level;they have enhanced their political discourse and their sense of control over their lives,enabling rural women to form a dynamic governance pattern together with other main bodies,improving the effectiveness of economic,cultural and capacity governance in the countryside,and promoting rural revitalisation and the mutually reinforcing development of the national policy of equality between men and women.In addition,researchers have pointed out that the social relationship system in rural China,which is based on family and collective ties,still dominates people’s values and daily life,and that it is still necessary to rely on the power of the government and organisations to achieve women’s real empowerment and the awakening of gender and cultural awareness.The awareness of gender equality among grass-roots cadres in the countryside is still weak,and a bottom-up pattern of villagers’self-governance has yet to be formed.