数字经济能否纠正资源错配

Can Digital Economy Correct Resource Mismatch

本文利用2013—2020年中国30个省市的平衡面板数据,在测度各省份资本错配指数和劳动力错配指数的基础上,实证分析了数字经济发展对资源错配的影响。研究结果表明:数字经济能够显著纠正中国的资本错配和劳动力错配,这一结论在进行稳健性检验后依然成立。在影响机制方面,数字经济能够通过促进要素自由流动、提升产业集聚水平、化解过剩产能等途径,纠正资源错配。数字经济纠正资源错配的效应存在异质性:一是地理区域异质性,主要体现在东部地区对资源错配具有明显纠正作用,中部和西部地区作用并不明显;二是对资源配置不足地区的纠正效应较强,而对资源配置过度地区的纠正效应较弱;三是纠正效应与产业集聚水平正相关,且具有门槛特征。据此,应因地制宜制定数字经济发展政策,提高各地数字经济发展水平,并利用数字技术赋能传统产业,提高产业集聚水平,充分发挥数字经济对资源错配的纠正效应。

Using the balanced panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2013 to 2020,the paper empirically analyzes the impact of the development of digital economy on resource mismatch based on the measurement of capital mismatch index and labor mismatch index in each province.The research results show that digital economy can significantly correct China’s capital mismatch and labor mismatch,which remains valid after the robustness test.In terms of the impact mechanism,digital economy can correct resource mismatch by promoting the free flow of factors,improving the level of industrial agglomeration,and resolving overcapacity.The effects of digital economy on correcting resource mismatch are characterized by heterogeneity:The first is geographical regional heterogeneity,which means that mainly in the eastern region,digital economy has an obvious correction effect on resource mismatch,but not obvious in the central and western regions.The second is that the correction effect on regions with insufficient resource allocation is strong,while the correction effect on regions with excessive resource allocation is weak.Third,the correction effect is positively correlated to the level of industrial agglomeration,and has threshold characteristics.Accordingly,we should formulate the development policy of digital economy according to local conditions,improve the development level of digital economy everywhere,and use digital technology to empower traditional industries,improve the level of industrial agglomeration,and give full play to the correction effect of digital economy on resource mismatch.