德国开放数据实践及启示

The Open Data Practice of Germany and Its Enlightenment

在新冠肺炎疫情和国际地缘政治的发展变化背景下,开放科学与开放数据的重要性日益凸显。近年来国家日益重视数据资源的管理、开发和利用,其中数据的开放共享是重要的一环。德国是开放数据实践领域积极的先行者,总结分析德国在开放数据实践方面的做法与经验,可以为我国开放数据实践提供借鉴。本研究通过网络调查和文献调研,分析德国联邦政府在开放数据方面的政策和措施,归纳德国在推进数字化转型和基础设施建设的实践经验,在梳理德国开放数据领域理念及实践的基础上,结合中国开放数据面临的发展局限,提出了加强开放数据领域的体系化思考与研究、加强基础设施与平台建设、加强数据开发与安全保障能力建设三点建议,以期为我国开放数据事业的发展提供启示。

In recent years,the country attaches more and more importance to the management,development,and utilization of data resources,among which the open sharing of data is an important step.Germany is an active pioneer in the field of open data practice,summarizing and analyzing Germany’s practice and experience in open data practice can provide a reference for my country’s open data practice.Through online investigation and literature research,this study analyzes the policies and measures of the German federal government in open data and summarizes the practical experience of Germany in promoting digital transformation and infrastructure construction.On the basis of sorting out the concepts and practices of open data in Germany,taking into account the development limitations faced by open data in China,three suggestions are made to strengthen systematic thinking and research in the field of open data,strengthen the construction of infrastructure and platform,and strengthen the construction of data development and security guarantee capacity,in order to provide insights for the development of open data in China.