《诗经》中“有”字用法新探

A New Study on the Usage of “You” in The Book of Songs

“有”字在《诗经》中一共出现了557次,作为实词时出现293次,作为虚词时(其中包括既可作实词也可作虚词的情况)共出现241次。“有”字作实词时可分为动词、通假为“友”字、通假为“又”字、通假为“域”字、与其他字组合作专有名词以及作形容词6种类型,“有”字作虚词主要指的是“有”字作音节助词的情况。在结合具体诗句明确“有”字词性、辨别“有”字含义的基础上,可分析出“有”字在充当诗句句法成分、衬足音节以构建诗体,以及配合套语构建这三个方面的语法功能和文化内涵。

The word“you”appears 557 times in The Book of Songs,293 times as a notional word,and 241 times as a function word(including both notional words and function words).When the word“you”is used as a content word,it can be divided into six types:verbs,interchangeable words as“friends”,interchangeable words as“again”,interchangeable words as“domain”,proper nouns(cooperated with other phrases)and adjectives.The use of“you”as a function word mainly refers to the use of“you”as a syllable auxiliary.On the basis of clarifying the part of speech of“you”and distinguishing the meaning of“you”in combination with specific verses,we can analyze the grammatical functions and cultural connotations of“you”in three aspects:acting as a syntactic component of verses,setting off syllables to construct verses,and cooperating with formulaic language to construct verses.