船舶压载水处理技术研究背景、进展与面临的挑战

Research Progress and Challenges of Ship Ballast Water Treatment

船舶压载水是外来生物入侵的主要途径之一,被认为是当前海洋环境所面临的四大威胁之一。为解决该问题而制定的压载水公约规定了压载水处理的标准,已于2019年9月6日正式生效。本文回顾了压载水处理技术研究的背景与社会需求,分析了不同压载水处理技术的特点,介绍了学术界关于压载水处理技术研究的最新成果,以及产业界在压载水处理系统研发方面的努力,讨论了压载水处理在标准、经济、技术、检测和法律等不同层面面临的挑战。

Ship ballast water is one of the main ways for the alien invasion.It is considered as one of the four threats to the marine environment.The ballast water convention established to solve this problem has stipulated the standards for ballast water treatment,which has entered into force on September 6,2019.This paper reviews the background and social needs of the research on ballast water treatment technology,analyzes the characteristics of different ballast water treatment technologies,introduces the latest achievements of the research on ballast water treatment technology in the academic community,and the efforts of the industrial community in the research and development of ballast water treatment systems,and discusses the challenges faced by ballast water treatment at different levels of standards,economy,technology,testing and law.