壁画酥碱病害研究概述

Overview of research on plaster disruption in murals

酥碱病害是壁画最为严重的病害之一,被称为壁画的“癌症”。因其受诸多因素的影响,使得病害产生机理复杂、修复材料匮乏和修复方法难度大等问题,严重制约着酥碱病害的修复与防治。本文系统梳理酥碱病害的成因、病害机理、加固材料、地仗修补材料,以及针对不同盐霜的保护修复方法的研究成果,客观评价酥碱壁画修复过程中的经验和教训,为古代壁画酥碱病害的防治与修复提供系统的技术参考和实践借鉴。

Plaster disruption,called the“cancer”of murals,is one of the most serious diseases of murals.Since the formation of plaster disruption is influenced by many factors,the related treatment and prevention are severely restricted by the indefinite mechanism of formation,lack of repair materials,and difficulty of repair methods.This paper systematically reviews previous research on the cause and mechanism of formation of plaster disruption,reinforcement and plaster repair materials,as well as conservation and restoration methods for different salts.Also,the experiences gained during the restoration of murals suffering from plaster disruption are objectively evaluated in this paper.We hope this article will provide systematic technological and practical references for the prevention and treatment of plaster disruption of ancient murals.