高温高湿季节西南地区中小规模猪场环控目标达成策略

Strategies for Achieving Environmental Control Goals for Small and Medium Scale Pig Farms in Southwest China During the High Temperature and Humidity Season

在高温潮湿的夏季,西南地区中小规模猪场猪舍内环境温湿度超过高极限值的异常情况较为常见,导致各阶段猪只热应激反应明显,主要表现为公猪精液品质下降,不同阶段母猪采食量减少,产仔母猪产力不足,哺乳母猪泌乳性能降低,断奶母猪发情受孕率低,仔猪呼吸系统疾病严重等一系列生产问题。通过对造成上述不良影响的关键因素进行挖掘、分析,发现造成猪舍环境温湿度长时间超过最大极限值,主要是由于猪场选址海拔低、环控设计修建不合理,环控设备使用不当,生产管理粗放等综合因素造成。为了减少不利生产情况发生,达成西南地区中小规模猪场高温高湿季节圈舍内环控目标,通过选择较高海拔位置修建猪场,科学设计与规范建设猪场环控系统,科学高效使用环控设备,强化生产管理等理念和措施,实现高温高湿条件下猪舍内较优的环控目标。

In the hot and humid summer,the abnormal condition was very common that the ambient temperature and humidity exceed the high limit value in small and medium scale pig farms,led to obvious heat stress reaction of pigs at all stages,which was mainly manifested in a series of production problems such as decreased semen quality of boars,decreased feed intake of sows at different stages,insufficient farrowing capacity of farrowing sows,decreased lactation performance of lactating sows,low estrus and conception rate of weaned sows,and serious respiratory diseases of piglets.By digging and analyzing the key factors causing the above adverse effects,it was found that the longer time of temperature and humidity exceeding the maximum limit value in the pig house environment was mainly due to the combination of factors such as low elevation of pig farms,irrational construction of the environmental control design,improper use of environmental control equipment,and sloppy production management.In order to reduce the occurrence of unfavorable production conditions and reach the goal of environmental control in the pig house in the high temperature and high humidity season of small and medium scale pig farms in Southwest China,the concepts and measures of choosing a higher altitude location to build pig farms,scientifically designing and standardizing the construction of pig house environmental control system,scientifically and efficiently using the environmental control equipment,and strengthening the management of the production,etc,were used to achieve the goal of better environmental control in the pig house under the high temperature and high humidity conditions.