典型舱室在战斗部内爆下的载荷及毁伤特性试验研究

Experimental study on load and damage characteristics of typical cabin under warhead internal blast

[目的]探讨有/无防护舱壁结构对典型舱室在战斗部内爆下载荷及毁伤特性的影响,指导舰船重要舱室的防护设计。[方法]设计典型的双舱结构模型,以大舱室模拟爆炸当舱,小舱室模拟重要舱室,开展常规钢制舱壁与多层含液防护舱壁这2种舱室结构在6.12 kg TNT带壳装药内爆作用下的载荷及毁伤对比试验,分析破片及冲击波载荷特性,以及结构破口及变形毁伤特征。[结果]结果显示,柱锥形战斗部前端产生的破片的飞散角基本一致,且前端的破片数量少于环向破片数量;爆炸冲击波有明显的角隅汇聚特点,冲击波能量会随结构的强弱发生流向改变,整体能量更易向结构较薄弱处倾泻;在冲击波和破片的联合毁伤下,常规钢制横舱壁中心会产生大破口,而多层含液防护舱壁则仅迎弹面有较大的塑性变形及少量破片穿孔,背弹面结构完整;多层含液防护舱壁能有效阻止爆炸能量传递至邻舱,但会加剧爆炸当舱的结构毁伤。[结论]“疏堵”(舱壁加强或减弱)防护设计方法在舰船重要舱室防护中具有重要的实用价值。

[Objective]This study seeks to explore the effects of a protective bulkhead structure on the load and damage characteristics of a typical cabin under warhead internal blast,and guide protective bulkhead design for important ship cabins.[Method]A typical double cabin structure model is designed in which the large cabin is used to simulate the explosion cabin,while the small cabin is used to simulate the important cabin.A comparative study is then carried out on the load and damage characteristics of the original bulkhead model and multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkhead model under an internal explosion of thr shell warhead with 6.12 kg TNT,and an analysis is made of the load characteristics of fragments,shockwaves,structural crevasses,deformation damage characteristics.[Results]The fragment flying angle produced by the front end of the warhead is basically the same,and there are fewer fragments at the front end than in the circumferential direction.The presence or absence of a protective bulkhead has little effect on the fragment load characteristics.The explosion shockwave has obvious corner convergence characteristics.The shockwave energy changes with the strength of the structure,and it is easier for the overall energy to pour into the weak parts of the structure.Under the combined damage of shockwave and fragments,the center of the conventional steel transverse bulkhead suffers a large break,while the multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkhead only suffers large plastic deformation on the projectile-facing surface and perforation by a small number of fragments,with the structure of the projectile backing surface remaining complete.Multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkheads can effectively prevent the transmission of explosive energy to the adjacent cabin,but they will aggravate the structural damage of the explosion cabin.[Conclusion]The"evacuating and blocking"protection design method has important practical application value for the protection of important ship cabins.