美国甲状腺协会指南、美国放射学会及中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统单独及联合BRAF^(V600E)突变在甲状腺细胞学意义不明确的非典型性或滤泡性病变的诊断价值

Diagnostic Value of American Thyroid Association Guidelines,American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System,and Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Alone and Combined With BRAF^(V600E) Mutation in Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance

目的探讨美国甲状腺协会(ATA)指南、美国放射学会甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(ACR-TIRADS)和中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)单独及联合BRAF^(V600E)突变对甲状腺细胞学意义不明确的非典型性或滤泡性病变(AUS/FLUS)的诊断效能。方法选取2020年1月至2023年5月于中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心接受细针穿刺并行BRAF V600E基因检测的138个AUS/FLUS结节作为研究对象,回顾性分析甲状腺结节患者的临床病理及超声特征,以组织病理学为金标准,比较ATA指南、ACR-TIRADS、C-TIRADS单独及联合BRAF V600E突变对AUS/FLUS结节的诊断效能。结果138个AUS/FLUS甲状腺结节中,有45个良性结节(32.6%)和93个恶性结节(67.4%),患者的年龄(t=1.444,P=0.151)、性别(χ^(2)=0.259,P=0.611)及结节的位置(χ^(2)=2.055,P=0.358)对AUS/FLUS结节良恶性的鉴别差异无统计学意义;结节的大小(Z=2.500,P=0.012)、回声(χ^(2)=14.693,P<0.001)、成分(χ^(2)=17.075,P<0.001)、纵横比≥1(χ^(2)=9.477,P=0.002)、微钙化(χ^(2)=6.892,P=0.009)等超声特征对AUS/FLUS结节良恶性的鉴别差异有统计学意义。单独应用时,BRAF V600E突变具有相对较高的特异度(95.56%)和阳性预测值(95.65%);3种超声分级系统中,ACR-TIRADS的灵敏度(χ^(2)=37.923,P<0.001;χ^(2)=40.462,P<0.001)和准确度(χ^(2)=81.595,P<0.001;χ^(2)=76.912,P<0.001)最高,C-TIRADS的特异度(χ^(2)=11.746,P<0.001;χ^(2)=21.235,P<0.001)最高,但单独诊断之间差异均无统计学意义(Z=1.177,P=0.239;Z=0.213,P=0.831;Z=1.016,P=0.310)。联合应用时,BRAF V600E突变与ACR-TIRADS、C-TIRADS联合诊断均提高了BRAF V600E突变对AUS/FLUS结节良恶性的诊断效能(Z=2.107,P=0.035;Z=2.752,P=0.006),ATA指南联合BRAF V600E突变提高了BRAF V600E突变诊断的准确度(χ^(2)=20.679,P<0.001),但对AUS/FLUS结节的良恶性鉴别差异无统计学意义(Z=1.321,P=0.186);ATA指南、ACR-TIRADS及C-TIRAD联合BRAF^(V600E)突变均提高了超声分级系统对AUS/FLUS结节的诊断效能(Z=2.770,P=0.006;Z=2.770,P=0.006;Z=2.890,P=0.004),其中ACR-TIRADS联合诊断的灵敏度(χ^(2)=4.712,P=0.030;χ^(2)=4.712,P=0.030)最高,C-TIRADS联合诊断的准确度(χ^(2)=77.627,P<0.001;χ^(2)=85.827,P<0.001)最高,但联合诊断之间差异无统计学意义(Z=1.276,P=0.202;Z=0.808,P=0.419;Z=1.615,P=0.106)。结论ATA指南、ACR-TIRADS及C-TIRADS联合BRAF^(V600E)突变可以提高BRAF V600E或超声分级系统单独使用对AUS/FLUS结节的诊断效能,有助于临床对AUS/FLUS结节患者的进一步管理和治疗。

Objective To explore the diagnostic efficacy of American Thyroid Association(ATA)guidelines,American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System(ACR-TIRADS),and Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System(C-TIRADS)alone and combined with BRAF^(V600E) mutation in atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance(AUS/FLUS).Methods A total of 138 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA)in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected.The clinicopathological and ultrasound characteristics were retrospectively analyzed for each nodule.Each nodule underwent preoperative BRAF^(V600E) mutation testing and was diagnosed according to the ATA guidelines,ACR-TIRADS,and C-TIRADS.The diagnostic efficacy of ATA guidelines,ACR-TIRADS,and C-TIRADS alone and combined with BRAF^(V600E) mutation was assessed based on the results of histopathological diagnosis.Results The 138 AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules included 45(32.6%)benign ones and 93(67.4%)malignant ones.The patient age(t=1.444,P=0.151),gender(χ^(2)=0.259,P=0.611),and location of nodules(χ^(2)=2.055,P=0.358)had no statistical significance for the differentiation between benign and malignant nodules,while nodule size(Z=2.500,P=0.012),echo(χ^(2)=14.693,P<0.001),composition(χ^(2)=17.075,P<0.001),aspect ratio≥1(χ^(2)=9.477,P=0.002),and microcalcification(χ^(2)=6.892,P=0.009)were of significance for the differentiation.When applied alone,BRAF V600E mutation showed high specificity(95.56%)and positive predictive value(95.65%).Among the three ultrasound grading systems,ACR-TIRADS had the highest sensitivity(χ^(2)=37.923,P<0.001;χ^(2)=40.462,P<0.001)and accuracy(χ^(2)=81.595,P<0.001;χ^(2)=76.912,P<0.001),while C-TIRADS had the highest specificity(χ^(2)=11.746,P<0.001;χ^(2)=21.235,P<0.001).However,the three systems showed no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic efficiency when applied alone(Z=1.177,P=0.239;Z=0.213,P=0.831;Z=1.016,P=0.310).The combination of BRAF V600E mutation with ACR-TIRADS or C-TIRADS improved the diagnostic efficacy of BRAF V600E mutation in distinguishing the benign and malignant AUS/FLUS nodules(Z=2.107,P=0.035;Z=2.752,P=0.006).The combination of ATA guidelines with BRAF V600E mutation increased the diagnostic accuracy of BRAF V600E mutation(χ^(2)=20.679,P<0.001),while it had no statistically significant difference in distinguishing the benign and malignant AUS/FLUS nodules(Z=1.321,P=0.186).The combination of ATA guidelines,ACR-TIRADS,or C-TIRADS with BRAF V600E mutation improved the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound grading systems for AUS/FLUS nodules(Z=2.770,P=0.006;Z=2.770,P=0.006;Z=2.890,P=0.004).Specifically,ACR-TIRADS combined with BRAF^(V600E) mutation showed the highest sensitivity(χ^(2)=4.712,P=0.030;χ^(2)=4.712,P=0.030),while C-TIRADS combined with BRAF^(V600E) mutation showed the highest accuracy(χ^(2)=77.627,P<0.001;χ^(2)=85.827,P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in diagnostic performance between the combinations(Z=1.276,P=0.202;Z=0.808,P=0.419;Z=1.615,P=0.106).Conclusion ATA guidelines,ACR-TIRADS,and C-TIRADS combined with BRAF^(V600E) mutation can improve the diagnostic efficacy of BRAF^(V600E) mutation or ultrasound grading system alone in AUS/FLUS nodules,which can facilitate the further management and treatment of such patients.