结直肠幼年性息肉临床诊治现状及研究进展

Current Status and Research Progress in the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Juvenile Polyps

幼年性息肉(JP)又称为潴留性息肉,是儿童最常见的结直肠息肉类型,也是儿童下消化道出血的主要病因,成人发病相对少见。近年来随着电子结肠镜设备及技术的发展和推广应用,结直肠JP的检出率有逐渐上升趋势。通常认为JP是一种肠道良性错构瘤性病变,但也可引起下消化道大出血、贫血、肠套叠、肠梗阻等并发症,且国内外文献中均有关于JP癌变的报道,因此需要提高对该疾病的认识,实现早期诊治。本文就JP的流行病学特征、发病机制、临床表现、诊疗方法、癌变风险及研究进展进行综述。

Juvenile polyps(JP),also known as retention polyps,are the most common type of colorectal polyps and the main cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children,with rare incidence in adults.In recent years,with the development and application of electronic colonoscopy,the detection rate of colorectal JP has gradually increased.It is generally accepted that JP is a benign hamartomatous lesion of the intestine,while it can cause complications such as massive hemorrhage of the lower digestive tract,anemia,intussusception,and intestinal obstruction.Moreover,there are reports about the canceration of JP.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the understanding and achieve early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.This article reviews the research progress in the epidemiological characteristics,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment methods,and canceration risk of JP.