母亲膳食对母乳营养素影响的研究进展

Advances in Research on the Influence of Maternal Diet on Nutrients in Human Milk

母乳中营养素受母亲膳食影响,但可归因于饮食变化的营养素种类尚不清楚。大多数研究没有直接评估饮食或量化饮食与母乳成分的关系。本文通过PubMed和Web of Science数据库,检索2022年5月前的文献,将检索词设定为“human milk/breast milk”“nutrient”“macronutrient”“micronutrient”“maternal nutrition”和“maternal diet”,共得到24项观察性研究、5项交叉实验研究和11项平行对照实验研究,经过分析发现,乳母膳食中脂肪酸,尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸和某些微量营养素,包括脂溶维生素(VA、VD)、水溶性维生素(VC)以及微量矿物质(铁、锌和硒)的摄入量,与其在母乳中的含量密切相关。

Nutrients in human milk are influenced by maternal diet,but it is still clear which type(s)of nutrients can be attributed to dietary changes.Most studies do not directly assess maternal diet or quantify the relationship between maternal diet and human milk composition.In this study,we retrieved and analyzed 24 observational studies,5 crossover experimental studies and 11 parallel controlled experimental studies concerning‘human milk/breast milk’,‘nutrient’,‘macronutrient’,‘micronutrient’,‘maternal nutrition’and‘maternal diet’from the literature published before May 2022 in the PubMed and the Web of Science databases.It was found that in the diet of lactating mothers,fatty acids,especially polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids,and certain micronutrients,including fat-soluble vitamins(vitamins A and D),water-soluble vitamins(vitamin C)and trace minerals(iron,zinc and selenium),were closely related to their contents in human milk.