大载荷植保无人机施药参数优选及不同药剂对橡胶树“两病”的飞防效果研究

Optimization of Application Parameters for Heavy-Load Plant Pro-tection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Study on the Control Effect of Different Chemical Agents on the Powdery Mildew and Anthracnose of Rubber Trees

本研究利用大载荷油动植保无人机(FBH300T)开展橡胶树白粉病和炭疽病(简称橡胶树“两病”)的飞防试验,分析飞行离冠层高度3、5、7 m和施药量60、90、105L/hm^(2)两个参数对橡胶树上、下层叶片雾滴沉积分布的影响。发现飞行高度和施药量对雾滴密度和雾滴覆盖率均表现出极显著的影响,筛选出飞行离冠层高度5 m、施药量90 L/hm^(2)、飞行速度5 m/s是该机型的最优施药参数。利用兼治橡胶树多种叶部病害的新型专用药剂19%保叶清微乳剂,以及60%硫磺粉悬浮剂、45%戊唑·咪酰胺水乳剂和50%硫磺·三唑酮悬浮剂等高效药剂与大载荷植保无人机配套施用,分析各药剂单独和两两混配施用对橡胶树“两病”的飞防效果。结果表明:4个单剂中对白粉病防效最好的是50%硫磺·三唑酮悬浮剂,其次是19%保叶清微乳剂;对炭疽病防效最好的是19%保叶清微乳剂,其次是45%戊唑·咪酰胺水乳剂。药剂两两混配施用下,19%保叶清微乳剂和60%硫磺粉悬浮剂按1∶1混配对白粉病和炭疽病的防效最好,其次是19%保叶清微乳剂和50%硫磺·三唑酮悬浮剂按1∶1混配。本研究结果可为橡胶树“两病”无人机飞防技术熟化和飞防专用药剂的选择提供参考依据。

This article is the first to conduct prevention and control experiments on rubber tree powdery mildew and anthracnose using a heavy-load plant protection UAV(FBH300T),analyzing the effects of flight heights of 3 m,5 m,7 m,and application amount of 60 L/hm^(2),90 L/hm^(2),105 L/hm^(2)on the distribution of droplet deposition on the upper and lower leaves of rubber trees.This study found that flight altitude and application amount has a very significant im-pact on droplet density and droplet coverage.It has been selected that the optimal application parameters for this aircraft model are a flight height of 5 m above the canopy,an application amount of 90 L/hm^(2),and a flight speed of 5 m,this study utilized a new specialized agent 19%Baoyeqing ME,which can simultaneously treat various leaf diseases of rubber trees,as well as efficient agents such as 60%sulfur powder SC,45%pentazolamide EW,and 50%sulfur triadi-mefon SC,which were used in conjunction with heavy-load plant protection UAV(FBH300T)to analyze the control effects of each agent on the powdery mildew and anthracnose of rubber trees.The results showed that among the four single agents,the 50%sulfur triadimefon SC had the best control effect on powdery mildew,followed by the 19%Baoyeqing ME;The best control effect on Anthracnose is 19%Baoyeqing ME,followed by 45%pentazole imidamide EW.Under the mixed application of chemical agents,the best control effect against powdery mildew and anthracnose was achieved by mixing 19%Baoyeqing ME and 60%sulfur powder SC at a ratio of 1∶1,followed by mixture of 19%Baoyeqing ME and 50%sulfur triadimefon SC at a ratio of 1∶1.The experimental results can provide a good reference basis for the maturation of UAV flight defense technology and the selection of special flight prevention agents for rubber tree leaf disease.