数字货币与货币数字化——兼评数字人民币(DCEP)、微信支付、支付宝、信用卡与比特币的异同

Digital Currency and Currency Digitalization——Comments on the Similarities and Differences of DCEP,WeChat Payment,Alipay,Credit Card and Bitcoin

货币是人类社会发展的必然产物,是沟通人际关系、贯通贸易关系、联通国际关系的基本纽带。本文梳理了货币发展的六个主要阶段,对比了各阶段货币的形态、流通时期和社会阶段,归纳了各阶段货币的主要特征、关键痛点和重要创新。货币形态变迁发展,主要基于更便携、更易保管、更具信用的趋势,秉承了“交易成本递减,信用风险递增”的内涵。基于大历史观,分别对标了数字人民币与比特币,数字人民币与纸币、微信支付、支付宝和信用卡,总结了数字货币与货币数字化的内涵。研究发现数字货币和货币数字化是两个不同概念,货币数字化不是创造货币,不会导致货币总量的变化。在此基础上,提出数字人民币在携带使用“轻量化”、保管存储“更安全”、转账支付“可追溯”、反洗钱终“解难题”、宏观调控“有依据”等五方面的优势,并提出若干意见和展望。

Currency is an inevitable product of the development of human society,and it is the basic link to communicate interpersonal relationships,trade relations,and international relations.This paper sorts out the six main stages of currency development,compares the form,period and society of currency at each stage,and summarizes the main features,key pain points and important innovations of currency at each stage.The changes and development of currency forms are mainly based on the trend of being more portable,easier to keep,and more trustworthy,adhering to the connotation of“decreasing transaction costs and increasing credit risks”.Based on the historical view,DCEP and Bitcoin,DCEP and paper currency,WeChat payment,Alipay and credit cards were compared respectively,and the connotation of digital currency and currency digitalization was summarized.The study found that digital currency and currency digitalization are two different concepts.Currency digitalization does not create currency and will not lead to changes in the total amount of currency.On this basis,it proposes five advantages of digital RMB in five aspects:“lightweight”in carrying and using,“safer”in custody and storage,“traceable”in transfer and payment,“solving problems”in anti-money laundering,and“founded”in macro-control.Some opinions and outlooks are given in the end.