畅通城乡经济循环的关键环节、现实阻梗与实现路径:一个政治经济学的分析

The Key Links,Realistic Obstacles and Realization Paths of Unblocking the Urban-rural Economic Cycle:From the Perspective of Political Economy

城乡经济循环作为城乡关系运动发展的内核,其畅通与否关系到城乡能否均衡发展、实现城乡融合发展,也关系到能否形成“双循环”新发展格局。依循马克思社会再生产理论和资本循环理论的基本观点来看,畅通城乡经济循环关键就在于“城乡商品的价值补偿”和“城乡要素的实物替换”能否顺利实现,即城乡要素循环、城乡供需循环为城乡经济循环的两个关键环节。因此,畅通城乡经济循环,须着力打通两个关键环节上的“阻梗”、畅通其“堵点”、补上其“断点”,让城乡关系中的生产、分配、流通、消费等各个环节连接畅通起来,实现长期的城乡供需动态平衡:一是要深化城乡要素市场化改革,搭建交易、服务、数字化的要素流动平台,畅通“人、地、钱、技”等关键要素的循环;二是要挖掘农村消费潜力,促进城市居民消费水平升级,提高城乡供需结构适配度,畅通城乡供需循环;三是要改善农村交通、物流、信息基础设施条件,提高城市资源、要素和商品下乡的效率,降低农产品进城的难度。

As the core of the development of urban-rural relationship movement,the smoothness of urban-rural economic cycle is related to whether urban and rural development can be balanced,whether urban and rural integration can be achieved,and whether a“double cycle”dual circulation can be formed.As an organic part of the“dual cycle”,the urban-rural economic cycle always runs through the four social reproduction links of production,distribution,exchange and consumption.Because“from commodity to currency is a thrilling jump”,breakpoints are most likely to occur during this jump.The key to the urban-rural economic cycle lies in the smooth realization of“urban and rural commodity value compensation”and“urban-rural element replacement”,that is,the urban-rural element cycle and the urban-rural supply-demand cycle are the two key links in the urban-rural economic cycle.Therefore,to unblock the urban-rural economic cycle,we will strive to open up the“blocking points”in the two key links,unblock their“pain points”,and make up for their“breakpoints”,so that urban and rural production,distribution,circulation,consumption and other links are connected smoothly,achieving long-term dynamic balance of supply and demand.The first is to deepen the supporting reforms of the factor market,and to unblock the circulation of resource elements,raw materials,capital and capital.The second is to tap the potential of rural consumption,promote the upgrading of urban residents consumption levels,and unblock the urban and rural supply and demand cycles.The third is to improve rural transportation and logistics,information infrastructure conditions,reduce the difficulty of agricultural products entering the city,and improve the efficiency of urban resources,elements and commodities to the countryside.