张谷若译莎士比亚长诗《维纳斯与阿都尼》的语言特色

On the Linguistic Features of Zhang Guruo's Translation of Shakespeare's Long Poem of Venus and Adonis

莎士比亚的长诗《维纳斯与阿都尼》语言华丽,修辞繁复,风格优雅。翻译家张谷若坚持“地道”的翻译原则,充分运用汉语诗歌的手段,译诗文字典雅凝重,细腻传神。他运用同音、行内韵和尾韵等语音手段,大量使用双声词、叠韵词以及叠词等。他根据人物的形象、性格和情感的变化,使用响亮程度不同的汉语词曲韵辙,使译诗音声高低相和,富有节奏和韵味。他使用“以文绘画”的手法,通过具体化和增译等技巧,使译诗在故事叙事、形象塑造、环境描写、动作描写、心理刻画等方面都细腻、真实、生动、传神。译诗紧紧围绕形象构建选取词义,前后呼应,语义连贯。研究张谷若译诗,无论是对张谷若翻译研究,还是对莎士比亚翻译研究,都是有意义的补充和拓展。

William Shakespeare's long poem Venus and Adonis is characterized by gorgeous language,rhetoric,and elegant style.Adhering to the idiomatic translation principle,Zhang Guruo makes extensive use of devices of Chinese poetry and his translation is characterized by an elegant and imposing style.He uses homophones,internal rhyme and end rhyme,Chinese alliteration,assonance,overlapping words,etc.In particular,he uses rhyming schemes with high or low pitches in accordance with different images,personalities,and emotions of characters,etc.,making the poem rhythmic and charming.With the techniques of“painting by writing”,concretization,and additional translation,his translation is exquisite,authentic,vivid,and expressive in narration,image shaping,environmental description,action,and psychological description,etc.In terms of meaning,the translation is coherent because he selects word meaning closely centering upon image construction.The study of Zhang Guruo's translation of this poem is a significant supplement and expansion to studies of Zhang Guruo's translation and translation of Shakespeare's works.