燃料电池热管理系统的动态仿真及控制

Dynamic simulation and control of fuel cell thermal management system

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在常温启动阶段的电堆升温较慢,性能低效,且冷却液流量与散热空气流量的控制有耦合作用。针对常温启动升温较慢的问题,合理设计热管理系统,提高输出性能;针对冷却液流量与散热空气流量控制存在耦合关系,提出冷却液流量跟随热量控制,线性自抗扰控制空气流量的联合控制策略,实现水泵流量和散热空气流量控制的解耦。仿真结果表明,联合控制策略能够在100 s内将电堆温度从常温升到80℃,且冷却液出入堆温差稳定在5℃;面对输入扰动时,电堆温度的超调量仅为0.5%,且在50 s内电堆温度再次稳定在80℃,超调量仅为比例-积分-微分控制器(PID)的8.82%,响应速度提升50 s。该控制策略能较好地控制电堆温度及冷却液出入堆温差。

The stack temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)rose slowly during the startup stage at room temperature,resulting in inefficient performance.There was a coupled relationship between the coolant flow rate and the cooling air flow rate.To address the slow temperature ramp-up issue during room temperature startup,a well-designed thermal management system was implemented to enhance the output performance.To tackle the coupled relationship between the coolant flow rate and the cooling air flow rate control,a joint control strategy was proposed,where the coolant flow rate was regulated based on heat control,linear self-disturbance control was applied to manage the air flow rate.This approach decoupled the control of the water pump flow rate and the cooling air flow rate.Simulation results indicated that the joint control strategy elevated the stack temperature from room temperature to 80°C within 100 s.The temperature difference between the coolant entering and exiting the stack stabilized at 5℃.When subjected to input disturbances,the stack temperature exhibited only a 0.5%overshoot and returned to 80°C within 50 s.The overshoot was merely 8.82%of the proportional-integral-derivative controller(PID)’s response time,resulting in a 50 s improve-ment in response speed.The control strategy proved to be more effective in managing the stack temperature and the temperature difference between coolant entering and exiting stack.