近十年雄安新区景观格局动态变化及生态系统服务功能评价

Dynamic changes of landscape pattern and evaluation of ecological service function in Xiongan New Area from 2013 to 2022

为深入了解和解析雄安新区景观格局的时空特征及其生态发展趋势,利用2013-2022年间4期典型的遥感影像数据,结合Google Earth影像,通过支持向量机分类和目视解译法获得雄安新区的土地利用分类图,综合运用GIS技术和InVEST模型分析等方法,对近10年雄安新区景观格局变化特征及其生态质量进行分析评价。结果表明:(1)2013-2022年期间,建设用地、开阔水体、林地持续增长,其中林地在2017年以后呈快速增长趋势,占雄安新区总面积比例由10.75%增长到31.79%,耕地由于转出较多面积缩减迅速,主要转出为林地、开阔水体和建设用地,白洋淀湿地面积增加。(2)开阔水体、水生植被、耕地的景观破碎化程度在逐年增大,林地的空间连通性持续向好。雄安新区景观形状指数增加,其中,2022年景观丰富度最大,景观中优势斑块类型连通性增强,大比例斑块增加。(3)10年间,研究区碳储量增加60.59×10^(6)MgC,优良类生境区域面积和差等生境质量面积呈上升趋势,中等生境质量面积减小33.66%。需重点关注耕地、农村建设用地与城区的交汇处、交通道路与生态源地交汇处等的生态节点的建设及其生态功能的提升。

Deeply understanding and analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and ecological development trends of the landscape pattern in Xiongan New Area was of great significance for promoting the green and high-quality development of Xiongan New Area.Using typical remote sensing image data of 4 periods from 2013 to 2022,combined with Google Earth images,the land use classification map of Xiongan New Area was obtained by support vector machine classification and visual interpretation method,and GIS technology and InVEST model analysis and other methods were comprehensively applied to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of landscape pattern changes and ecological quality in Xiongan New Area in the past ten years.The results showed that:(1)During the period of 2013 to 2022,construction land,open water bodies and forest land continued to grow,of which forest land showed a rapid growth trend after 2017,the proportion of the total area of Xiongan New Area grew from 10.75%to 31.79%,cultivated land shrunk rapidly due to the transfer out of the more area,which was mainly transferred to forest land,open water bodies and construction land,and the area of Baiyangdian wetland increased.(2)Landscape fragmentation of open water bodies,aquatic vegetation,and cultivated land was increasing year by year,and spatial connectivity of forest land continued to improve.The landscape shape index increased in Xiongan New Area,in which the landscape richness was the greatest in 2022,the connectivity of dominant patch types in the landscape increased,and the large proportion of patches increased.(3)From 2013 to 2022,the carbon stock in the study area increased by 60.59×10^(6)MgC,the area of excellent type of habitat area and the area of poor habitat quality showed an upward trend,and the area of moderate habitat quality decreased by 33.66%.In the past 10 years,especially in the past 5 years,the landscape pattern of Xiongan New Area had undergone significant changes,mainly caused by land use changes.The increase in advantageous patches such as forest land,open water bodies,and aquatic vegetation had improved the ecological quality of the research area.At the same time,attention should also be paid to the continuous expansion of areas with poor habitat quality,and special attention should be paid to the intersection of arable land,rural construction land,and urban areas,the construction of ecological nodes and the enhancement of their ecological functions at the intersection of transportation roads and ecological sources.