治理能力现代化背景下美国体育推广人的制度治理及启示

Institutional Governance of American Sports Promoters in the Context of Modernization of Governance Capacity and Its Implications

文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法探究美国体育推广人的多元价值及治理经验,以期为我国推进体育中介行业治理现代化提供启示。研究发现,美国体育推广人的多元价值体现在通过整合多方资源、谋取多方共赢,在节约政府投入的前提下提升赛事的影响力。通过构建“联邦政府主导+州政府协助+州运动管理委员会执行”的联动治理结构、健全外部监管与内部实施的合力共治机制、形成州运动管理委员会内部的分权治理机制,并以标准量化的数字形式规制体育推广人的克扣行为、以合同管理的强制手段保障参赛主体的应得利益、以资质审查的硬性要求为赛事推广提供法治保障,美国由此形成了较为完备的体育推广人制度治理体系。最后借鉴域外经验,提出我国体育经纪人治理的创新方略:加强党的领导,完善多部门参与的体育经纪人治理结构;健全横向联动的社会化治理机制,实现监管资源的优化配置;加强事前控制力度,提高体育经纪人管理制度的针对性;拓宽体育经纪人业务经营范围,完善配套监管政策。

Using the methods of literature and logical analysis,this paper explores the multiple values and governance experience of American sports promoters,in order to provide enlightenment for China to promote the modernization of sports intermediary industry governance.The study found that the multiple values of American sports promoters are reflected in integrating multiple resources,pursuing multi-win-win results,and enhancing the influence of sports events while saving government investment.By constructing the coordinated governance structure of"federal government lead+state government assistance+state sports management boards implementation",developing the joint mechanism of external regulation and internal implementation,and the decentralized governance mechanism within the state sports management boards,the U.S.has established a relatively complete governance system for sports promoters,which uses standardized and quantified figures to regulate the deduction behavior of sports promoters,contract management as a mandatory means to protect the interests of participants,and qualification examination as a mandatory requirement to provide legal guarantee for the promotion of events.Drawing on the U.S.experience,this paper puts forward the following strategies to innovate the governance of sports brokers in China:strengthening the leadership of the party to improve the governance structure of sports brokers with multi-sector participation;improving the socialized governance mechanism of horizontal coordination to realize the optimal 1`allocation of regulatory resources;strengthening the prior control to improve the pertinence of sports broker management system;broadening the business scope of sports brokers to improve supporting regulatory policies.