结构洞理论视角下城市片区治理的行动逻辑及其反思——基于上海市F街道的实践考察

The Action Logic and Reflection of Urban District Governance:Theoretical Perspective of the Structural Holes Theory——Based on the Investigation of F Street in Shanghai

基层治理体系作为国家制度执行能力和社会基本运作秩序的集中体现,已然随着不确定性时代的来临而涌现出多重风险。现阶段,中国城市基层社区治理的困境主要是围绕以街道为代表的国家行政力量与以居委会为代表的社会自治力量在基层场域的潜在矛盾甚至冲突展开的。凝聚力不足、资源整合受阻、注意力调配失调,共同阻碍着当前城市基层社区治理的深入开展。街道与居委会之间设立的“片区”则通过占据街居之间的结构洞位置成为优化街居关系、纾解基层行政与自治张力的重要接点。尽管片区治理的模式目前还存在一些问题,但借助于结构洞的理论视角分析,我们在经验调查中发现,以“片区”为核心的治理实践不仅形成了一套规范有序的行动逻辑,而且为城市基层治理的合作共治提供了一种新思路。

Grass-roots governance system,as the concentrated expression of the state’s institutional implementation capacity and the basic functioning order of the society,has already emerged with multiple risks with the advent of the era of uncertainty.At present,the dilemma of urban grass-roots community governance in China is mainly centered on the potential contradictions or even conflicts between the state administrative power represented by the streets and the social autonomy power represented by the neighborhood committees in the grass-roots field,with the lack of cohesion,impeded integration of resources,and the imbalance of attention distribution collectively hampering the in-depth development of the current urban grass-roots community governance.The“district”established between the street and the neighborhood committee has become an important joint to optimize the relationship between the street and the neighborhood committee and ease the tension between administration and autonomy in the grass-roots field by occupying the structural hole position between the street and the neighborhood committee.Although there are still some problems with the district governance model,with the help of the theoretical perspective of structural holes,we have found that the governance practice centered on the“district”has not only formed a set of standardized and orderly action logic,but also provided a new way of thinking about the co-operation and co-governance of urban grass-roots governance.