一种基于理由概念的规范性立法理论阐释

An Interpretation of Normative Legislative Theory Based on the Notion of Reasons

当下立法理论的知识图景中缺乏关于立法的规范性分析,主流立法理论面临着规范性的缺憾。作为政治决策活动的立法亦是一种规范性实践,从法理学视角规范性地研究立法可以较好地填补规范性立法理论的空白。依照此种方式构建起的规范性立法理论在学理定位上应隶属于规范性法理学,其实践旨趣是通过促进立法的理性化,进而提高立法质量。规范性立法理论从立法者理性行动过程来展开对立法理性化的分析,引入理由概念后,理性的立法要求立法者基于理由而行动,以理由作为概念工具可以建构起一套理想的规范性立法理论。基于理由概念的规范性立法理论具有两个层次的内容:首先需要从原理上说明立法者如何基于理由而行动以及理由如何具体地塑造立法的理性;而规范性立法理论实践抱负的实现则要求它同时向立法者提供一套运用理由以理性立法的方法论。

The current landscape of legislative theory lacks normative analysis of legislation,leading to a deficiency in mainstream legislative theories.Legislative activities,as a form of political decision-making,also constitute a normative practice.Examining legislation from a jurisprudential perspective can effectively address the normative gap in legislative theory.A normative legislative theory constructed in this manner should be positioned within normative jurisprudence,with its practical aim being to enhance the rationality of legislation,thereby improving the quality of legislation.Normative legislative theory analyzes the rationalization of legislation through the lens of legislators’rational actions.By introducing the concept of reasons,rational legislation requires legislators to act based on reasons.Using reasons as conceptual tools,an ideal normative legislative theory can be formulated.Normative legislative theory based on the concept of reasons comprises two levels of content.Firstly,it needs to establish the principles governing how legislators should act based on reasons and how reasons specifically shape the rationality of legislation.Secondly,the practical realization of normative legislative theory aspires to provide legislators with a methodology for using reasons in rational legislation.