教材评价体系的建构与使用——以语文教材为例

The Construction and Use of Textbook Evaluation System—Take Chinese Textbooks as an Example

教材评价能够上达基础理论,下通实践应用,具有中层理论的功能。已有关于教材评价的研究,多是从静态实体思维的角度,对教材的内容、结构与功能等进行评价,但单一的内容评价易于造成评价的真空化和去情境化,单一的结构评价难以保证评价的自洽性和周密性,单一的功能评价容易导致评价维度的松散和失调。要改善这种局面,就需要将实体评价和过程评价结合起来,形成一种纵横勾连的教材评价体系。显性文本评价体系的建构,既需要从文本规定-实体呈现-服务教学的角度,建构纵向评价体系,又需要从内容-功能-结构的角度,建构横向评价体系。隐性过程评价体系的建构,则需要从设计与编审、选择与使用、传播与收藏等角度,对教材进行考量和分析。使用本研究建构的教材评价体系,在具体评价活动中要熟悉评价体系,定位评价层次;上通与下联,拓展研究视野;选择研究方法,确定评价指标。

Textbook evaluation can reach the basic theory and connect the practical application,which has the function of middle-level theory.The existing research on textbook evaluation mostly evaluates the content,structure and function of textbooks from the perspective of static entity thinking,but the simple content evaluation is easy to lead to the vacuum and de-contextualization of evaluation,the simple structure evaluation is difficult to ensure the consistency and thoroughness of evaluation,and the simple function evaluation is easy to lead to the looseness and imbalance of evaluation dimensions.To improve this situation,it is necessary to combine entity evaluation and process evaluation to form a textbook evaluation system.The construction of explicit text evaluation system needs not only a vertical evaluation system from the perspective of text regulation-entity presentation-service teaching,but also a horizontal evaluation system from the perspective of content-function-structure.The construction of implicit process evaluation system needs to consider and analyze textbooks from the perspectives of design and editing,selection and use,dissemination and collection.Using the textbook evaluation system constructed in this study,we should be familiar with the evaluation system and locate the evaluation level in specific evaluation activities,link up and link down to broaden the research field of vision,select research methods and determine evaluation indicators.