我国刑事证据制度的功能及其实现

Function and realization of criminal evidence system of China

只有对我国刑事证据制度的功能进行正确定位并使其实现,才能更好地促进刑事证据制度的发展完善。从刑事诉讼中人权保障的加强、证据制度的主要内容、司法证明的发展趋势等方面来看,我国刑事证据制度应以防止冤案为主要功能,以保障程序公正、社会公德、社会关系的稳定性等重要利益作为次要功能。为实现上述功能,应从以下几个方面完善我国刑事证据规则体系:对现有证据能力规则进行梳理和完善;在把握证明规律和经验法则的基础上合理创设证据推理规则,并使之保持必要的灵活性;对证明标准进行更为精细化的界定,增强其可操作性;对包括举证方式和范围、被告人讯问规则、证人询问规则、新类型证据质证规则等在内的举证质证规则进行完善。

Only by correctly positioning and realizing the functions of the Chinese criminal evidence system,can the development and perfection of the criminal evidence system be better promoted.From perspectives of strengthening the protection of human rights in criminal proceedings,the main content of evidence system,and the development trend of judicial proof,etc.,the main function of the Chinese criminal evidence system should be to prevent false and erroneous cases,and the subordinate function of it is to safeguard important interests such as procedural justice,social ethics and stability of social relations.In order to realize the above functions,the Chinese criminal evidence rule system should be perfected from the following aspects:sorting out and improving the existing rules of evidence capacity;creating the rules of evidential reasoning reasonably on the basis of grasping the rules of proof and the rules of experience,and keeping them flexible;defining the certification standard more precisely,and enhancing its operability;perfecting the rules of adducing evidence and cross examination,including the way and scope of adducing evidence,the rules of interrogation of the accused,the rules of witness interrogation,and the rules of cross examination of new type of evidences,etc.