益阳市院外非职业急性一氧化碳中毒的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of pre-hospital emergency treatment of nonoccupational acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients in Yiyang City

目的通过统计分析2019年1月—2021年12月益阳市中心城区(资阳区、赫山区)非职业性急性一氧化碳中毒(ACOP)院外急救总体情况,掌握其流行病学特点,为本地区一氧化碳中毒患者院外急救策略的制定提供科学依据。方法通过益阳市紧急医疗救援指挥中心院外急救数据库收集2019年1月—2021年12月非职业性ACOP院外急救患者的基本信息,统计分析患者性别、年龄、中毒原因等流行病学资料。结果282例非职业性ACOP院外急救患者中,男女比例为1∶1.39,41~60岁患者125人,占44.33%;每日出诊时间无高峰分布,但出诊月份集中在11月至次年2月,5月至9月出诊频次低;同时,城区的中毒原因以燃气具使用不当为主,乡镇以炭火(燃煤)取暖为主。结论一氧化碳中毒患者以女性和41~60岁患者为主,每年的11月至次年2月高发,且城区与乡镇的中毒原因有所差异,因此在结合多方力量加强健康宣传指导需要有所侧重,才可降低非职业一氧化碳中毒率并改善中毒者预后。

Objective Through the analysis of the occurrence of non-occupational acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP)pre-hospital first aid events in the central urban area of Yiyang(Ziyang District and Heshan District),the epidemiological characteristics were mastered to provide scientific basis for the formulation of pre-hospital first aid strategies for carbon monoxide poisoning patients in this area.Methods Through the pre-hospital first aid database of Yiyang Emergency Medical Rescue Command Center,the basic information of non-occupational ACOP pre-hospital first aid patients from January 2019 to December 2021 was collected.Epidemiological data such as patient gender,age,and causes of poisoning were statistically analyzed.Results Among the 282 non-occupationalACOP patients,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.39,and 125 patients aged 41 to 60,accounting for 44.33%;there was no peak distribution of the daily visiting time,but the visiting months were concentrated from November to February of the next year,and the frequency of visiting was low from May to September.At the same time,improper use of gas water heaters was the main cause of poisoning in urban areas,and charcoal(coal)heating was the main cause in township areas.Conclusion The mainly patients with carbon monoxide poisoning are women and patients aged 41-60 years old,with a high incidence from November to February of the next year,and the causes of poisoning are different between urban areas and towns.Therefore,in order to reduce the rate of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning and improve the prognosis,it is necessary to focus on strengthening health promotion and guidance by making collaborative effort.