环保组织提起海洋环境民事公益诉讼的原告资格:实践检视与法理证成

On the Qualification of Plaintiffs for Civil Public Interest Litigation in the Field of Marine Environment by Environmental Protection Organizations:Practical Reviews and Grounds of Legal Theory

环保组织是否具有提起海洋环境民事公益诉讼的原告资格问题,实际上涉及的是《环境保护法》与《海洋环境保护法》之间的关系问题。运用规范竞合理论可以发现,虽然《环境保护法》与《海洋环境保护法》构成一般法律与特别法律之关系,《环境保护法》第五十八条与修订前的《海洋环境保护法》第八十九条第二款(修订后的《海洋环境保护法》第一百一十四条第二款)确实构成一般规范和特殊规范的关系,但是两者的法律后果并非相互排斥关系,因而两者并不构成法律冲突。《环境保护法》第五十八条与修订前的《海洋环境保护法》第八十九条第二款(修订后的《海洋环境保护法》第一百一十四条第二款)所规定的两套诉讼机制是并行不悖的,前者对后者起到补充作用。鉴于海洋环境民事公益诉讼的特殊性,可以从适用范围、起诉顺位等方面对环保组织的公益诉权加以一定的限制。

The question of whether environmental protection organizations have the qualifications of plaintiffs to bring civil public interest litigation for the marine environment actually involves the relationship between Environmental Protection Law and Marine Environmental Protection Law.Using co-opetition theory of the norms,we found that the relationship constitutes that between general law and special law;Article 58 of the Environmental Protection Law and Article 89(2)of the Marine Environmental Protection Law(article 114(2)of the new Marine Environmental Protection Law)does constitute the relationship between general norm and special norm.However,the legal consequences of the two are not mutually exclusive.Thus,the two do not constitute a conflict of laws.They provide for two sets of litigation mechanisms that are parallel and the former is complementary to the latter.In view of the special characteristics of the civil public interest litigation in the marine environment,the qualifications of plaintiffs to bring civil public interest litigation can be limited in terms of the scope of application and the sequence of prosecution.