概念史视域下认知战及其基本问题审辨

Cognitive Warfare and its Basic Issues from the Perspective of Conceptual History

现代战争更加体现为一种多域性复杂对抗。现代战争的作战空间逐渐从“有形”向“无形”延伸,认知空间对抗的重要性日益凸显,认知域“制智权”争夺成为现代战争新的战略制高点。厘清认知战概念,必须超越军事对抗和武装冲突的传统战争思维,更深刻地理解战争内涵和战争形态的巨大变化,从广义和狭义不同视角把握认知攻防的本质。认知空间的攻心夺志高度依赖于认知科学前沿科技创新及应用,认知战的攻防效力以实力为后盾,通过国家、社会、军事领域等“军事+”的对抗多域联手、内外联动,以达成现代战争“全胜”之目的。与传统战争相比,认知战集参战力量多元、达成目标多重、形态样式独特、方式手段多样、攻击对象多种、战场时空混合多维等特性。人工智能技术的突破性进展及其军事化运用,将进一步加剧认知干扰,扩大“战争迷雾”。

Modern warfare is more embodied as a multi-domain complex confrontation,for the combat space of modern warfare is gradually extending from"tangible"to"intangible",and the importance of cognitive space con⁃frontation is becoming increasingly prominent,since the competition for"control of intelligence"in the cognitive domain has become a new strategic high point in modern warfare.To clarify the concept of cognitive warfare,it is necessary to transcend the traditional war thinking of military confrontation and armed conflict,and to have a deeper understanding of the tremendous changes in the connotation and form of war,as well as to grasp the essence of cognitive attack and defense from different perspectives in broad and narrow senses.The attack and ambition of cognitive space is highly dependent on the innovation and application of cutting-edge science and technology of cog⁃nitive science,for the attack and defense effectiveness of cognitive war is backed by strength,and the purpose of"full victory"in modern war is achieved through the multi-domain cooperation as well as the internal and external linkage of"military+"confrontation in the national,social and military fields.Compared with traditional warfare,cognitive warfare has diverse forces,multiple goals,unique forms and styles,various methods and means,mul⁃tiple attack targets,and a multi-dimensional mix of battlefield time and space.The breakthrough progress of artifi⁃cial intelligence technology and its military application will further intensify cognitive interference and expand the"mystery of war".