贵州老年人抑郁现状及其与社会网络、积极老化的关系研究

Current status of depression among the elderly in Guizhou and its relationship with social networks and positive aging

目的调查贵州地区老年人的抑郁现状,探究社会网络和积极老化与抑郁之间的关系。方法采用一般情况调查表(年龄、性别、户口所在地、文化程度、居住情况、婚姻状况、收入情况)、社会网络量表简表(LSNS-6)、老年人积极老化状况评定量表(EAAQ)及老年人抑郁状况评定量表量表(DIA-S),对贵州省多地共241名老年人采用简单抽样的方法,进行问卷调查,将收集的241份有效数据进行独立样本t检验、单因素分析、相关检验及回归分析。结果社会网络、积极老化、与老年人抑郁均呈显著的正相关(P<0.01或P<0.001),在人口学变量的差异比较上发现,农业户口、无固定收入老人的抑郁得分高于非农业户口、有固定收入的老人,非农业户口、有固定收入老人、中学文化水平、与老伴和子女同住的老人比农业户口、无固定收入、文盲或半文盲老人、与子女同住的老人在积极老化上得分更高(P<0.05或P<0.01);分层回归显示,社会网络对抑郁有显著影响,解释了抑郁的12.9%方差,积极老化对抑郁有显著影响,并且额外解释了抑郁19.6%的方差;进一步分析发现,社会网络和积极老化对抑郁均有负向预测作用(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论社会网络和积极老化均可以负向预测老年人的抑郁。

Objective To investigate the current status of depression among the elderly in Guizhou and explore the relationship of the depression with social networks,positive aging.Methods A simple sampling method was performed to conduct questionnaire surveys on 241 elderly in multiple regions of Guizhou Province using a general survey questionnaire(age,gender,household registration location,education level,residential situation,marital status,income situation),Lubben Social Network Scale-6(LSNS-6),the elderly active aging questionnaire(EAAQ),and the Depression in Old Age Scale(DIA-S).Independent-sample t-test,one-way ANOVA,correlation test,and regression analysis were performed on 241 valid data.Results Social networks and active aging were significantly positive correlated with elderly depression(P<0.01 or P<0.001).A comparison of the differences in demographic variables revealed that the depression score was higher in the elderly with agricultural household registration and no fixed income than that in the elderly with non-agricultural household registration and fixed income.Positive aging score was greater in the elderly with non-agricultural household registration,fixed income,high school education level,living with spouse and their children than that in the elderly with agricultural household registration,no fixed income,illiterate or semi-illiterate and living with children(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Stratified regression showed that social network had a significant effect on depression,explaining 12.9%of the variance in depression.Positive aging had a significant effect on depression and explained an additional 19.6%of the variance in depression.Further analysis revealed that both social network and positive aging were negatively predictive effect on depression(P<0.01 or P<0.001).Conclusion Both social networks and positive aging can negatively predict depression in the elderly.