深海遥控重型作业机器人发展现状与展望

Progress and Prospect of Deep-sea Heavy-duty Remotely Operated Vehicles

深海重型作业机器人是海洋资源开发的必要装备之一,遥控作业是当前面对多样化深海作业任务的主要方式。文章在介绍深海遥控作业机器人的分类、性能及功能结构的基础上,结合海底挖沟铺设作业工况,对以自行走的挖沟机、拖曳式铺设犁、悬浮喷射作业机器人为代表的深海遥控作业机器人产品性能进行了对比分析,为不同应用场合的设备选用提供了依据;并在分析现有传感通信和控制、供能和整机集成技术的基础上,对其未来智能化分布式控制、高效用能及安全供电、轻量化多功能集成设计的发展趋势进行了展望。最后,结合我国深海遥控作业机器人技术体系的现状,对其未来的发展提出了相应的建议。

Deep-sea heavy-duty remotely operated vehicles(ROVs)are essential equipment for the exploration of ocean resources,with remote operations being the primary method for addressing diverse deep-sea tasks.This paper introduces the classification,performance,and functional structure of deep-sea ROVs,provides a detailed analysis of device performance for various scenarios such as autonomous trenching machines,towed laying plows,and suspended jet operating robots in the context of undersea trenching and cable laying operations.This comparison should aid in the selection of equipment for different application scenarios.An analysis of existing sensor communication and control technologies,power supply,and integrated technology forms the basis for the discussion around future trends of distributed intelligent control systems,efficient power usage,safe power supply,and lightweight multifunctional integrated design.Finally,in consideration of China's current technology systems,the paper offers recommendations for the future development of deep-sea ROVs.