围手术期抗菌药物医嘱预点评工具的设计与效果

Design and Performance Evaluation of A Pre-evaluation Tool for Medical Orders ofPerioperative Antibiotics

目的 设计围手术期抗菌药物医嘱预点评工具,以提高医院围术期抗菌药物管理工作效率。方法 以开源软件R为平台,以相关指导原则和文件为依据,使用tidyverse等R包构建预点评工具,使用shiny包构建web应用程序。使用设计的预点评工具回顾性点评川北医学院附属医院2021年4月1日—2022年12月31日的出院病历,并与既往人工点评结果进行比较,统计分析使用McNemar配对检验。结果 该医嘱预点评工具可快速完成出院病历抽样、批量预点评、结果统计、数据可视化和结果输出,并可根据实际需要灵活调整点评规则。与人工点评相比,预点评工具效率更高,点评速度为每份13.46 ms。在人工累计点评的2 642份出院病历中,使用类型(预防性或治疗性)的判断方面,预点评与人工点评结果相比(预防性使用占比:76.85%vs.78.21%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.078)。在预点评和人工点评均判定为预防性使用的1 857份出院病历中,不合理检出率(39.90%vs.30.32%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在经由高级职称临床药师复核确认的63份典型不合理病历中,60份被预点评工具判定为不合理,典型不合理检出率为95.24%。结论 基于R构建的医嘱预点评工具可提高围手术期抗菌药物医嘱点评效率,点评结论与统计结果较为可靠,值得进一步发展和应用。

Objective To design a medical order pre-evaluation tool for perioperative prophylactic application of antibiotics,and to improve the efficiency of antibiotics management in hospitals during the perioperative period.Methods Using the open-source software R as the platform,a web application was built with tidy verse and shiny package based on related documents and guidelines.The discharge records of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from April 1,2021,to December 31,2022,were retrospectively reviewed using the constructed pre-evaluation tool and compared with previous manual evaluation results using McNemar's Chi-squared test.Results This medical order pre-evaluation tool can quickly complete perioperative antibiotics order sampling,batch pre-evaluation,result statistics,visualization,and result output,and flexibly adjust the evaluation rules according to actual needs.The pre-evaluation tool is more efficient,with a review speed of 13.46 ms per medical record.Among the 2642 discharge medical records of manual review,there was no significant difference between systematic pre-evaluation and manual evaluation results(ratio of prophylactic use:76.85%vs.78.21%)in terms of the type of use(preventive or curative)(P=0.078).Among the 1857 discharge records judged to be prophylactic for both manual and systematic reviews,the difference in unreasonable detection rate(39.90%vs.30.32%)was statistically significant(P<0.001).Among the 63 typical ludicrous medical records confirmed by the review of clinical pharmacists with senior professional titles,60 were judged and limited by the pre-evaluation tool,and the detection rate of typical unreasonable was 95.24%.Conclusions The pre-evaluation tool based on R in this study can improve the efficiency of perioperative antibacterial drug evaluation.The evaluation conclusions and statistical results are reliable and are worthy of further development and application.