加工需求驱动下词汇阅读神经通路的动态协作机制

Dynamic collaboration of reading neural pathways driven by the processing demands

建构统一的认知和神经生理模型是词汇阅读认知神经科学研究面临的核心问题。阅读的认知理论模型一致认为阅读是语音和语义加工通路分工协作的结果,认知神经科学研究也表明词汇阅读是背侧和腹侧神经通路动态协作的结果。为了系统地阐述阅读网络的这种动态协作机制,结合神经功能和生理基础两个层面,从以下三个方面对最新研究进展进行系统疏理:首先,指出潜在的加工需求是背/腹侧神经通路动态协作的实质;然后进一步阐明潜在加工需求驱动了不同正字法深度下背/腹侧神经通路的分工合作模式;最后,深入剖析了潜在加工如何通过语言经验塑造了神经通路间的动态协作。从而揭示出阅读神经通路动态协作的实质可能是特定任务下加工需求驱动的结果,这种动态协作可能成为跨语言普遍的词汇阅读理论模型。

Constructing unified cognitive and neurophysiological models is the central problem in the cognitive neuroscience of word reading.The cognitive models agree that reading is the collaborative outcome of phonological and semantic processing pathways,and studies of cognitive neuroscience have also shown that reading results from a dynamic collaboration between dorsal and ventral neural pathways.In order to systematically elaborate this dynamic collaboration mechanism of the reading network,the latest research progress is systematically disentangled from the following three aspects by combining the two levels of neural function and physiological basis.Firstly,it points out that the underlying processing demand is the essence of the dynamic collaboration between dorsal and ventral neural pathways.Secondly,it further elucidates how underlying processing demand drives the division of labor and collaborative patterns between the dorsal and ventral neural pathways under different levels of orthographic depths.Finally,it profoundly analyzes how latent processing shapes the dynamic collaboration between neural pathways through the language experience.In conclusion,the essence of the division and collaboration between neural pathways might be driven by processing demand under the specific task.It might become a universal cross-language word reading model.