化肥减量配施有机肥对设施番茄产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined With Application Organic Fertilizer on Tomato Yield and Quality and Soil Fertility in Greenhouse

以设施番茄为试材,采用田间试验法,设置了不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CON)、优化(化肥减量)施肥(OPT)、有机肥替代15%化肥(OF15)和有机肥替代30%化肥(OF30)5个施肥处理,研究了化肥减量配施有机肥对产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响,以期为化肥减量配施有机肥在设施番茄生产上的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:与施肥处理相比,不施肥处理显著增加了番茄产量,相比CON处理,OPT、OF15和OF30处理的番茄产量分别提高了4.4%、4.8%和12.7%。OPT、OF15和OF30处理相比CON处理提高了番茄品质,维生素C、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均增加;硝酸盐和可滴定酸含量均降低。施肥处理相比不施肥处理显著降低了土壤pH;相比CON处理,OPT、OF15和OF30处理的土壤EC值分别下降了13.8%、16.9%和13.4%;有机肥(OF15和OF30)处理相比化肥(CON和OPT)处理会显著提高土壤有机质含量,增幅为6.67%~9.52%;同时还提高了土壤全氮、全钾、速效氮和速效钾含量及土壤氮、磷和钾养分活化系数。综上可知,化肥减量配施有机肥可以增加设施番茄产量、改善设施番茄品质和提升土壤肥力,因此化肥减量配施有机肥是提高设施番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的有效措施,其中有机肥替代30%化肥的效果最好。

Greenhouse tomato was used as the experiment material.A field experiment with five different fertilizer treatments(CK,no fertilizer input;CON,farmer's conventional fertilizer;OPT,optimized fertilization;OF15,substitution 15%of the amount of N fertilizer with organic fertilizer input;OF30,substitution 30%of the amount of N fertilizer with organic fertilizer input)was conducted to examine the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application organic fertilizer on tomato yield,quality and soil fertility in greenhouse,in order to provide reference for the application of fertilizer reduction in greenhouse tomato production.The results showed that OPT,OF15 and OF30 treatment significantly increased tomato yield by 12.0%,44.4%and 91.2%,respectively,compared with CON treatment.Compared with CON treatment,OPT,OF15 and OF30 treatment increased tomato quality,and the vitamin C content,the soluble protein content and the soluble suggar content increased,the nitrate content and the titratable acid content decreased.The four application of fertilizer treatments decreased the soil pH,compared with CK treatment.Compared with CON treatment,the soil EC values of OPT,OF15 and OF30 treatments decreased by 13.8%,16.9%and 13.4%,respectively;OF15 and OF30 treatment increased soil organic matter content,total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen,available potassium and activation coefficient relative to the CON treatment.In conclusion,reduction of fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer was the optimum choice to improve tomato yield and quality,and improve soil fertility,and the effect of OF30 treatment was the best.