腾格里沙漠风光热基地对区域生态环境的效应分析

The Effects of the Tengger Desert Wind and Solar Power Base on Regional Ecological Environment

沙漠地区风光热资源丰富,已建设的风光热基地对区域生态环境的影响机制尚不明确。开展区域风光热基地建设的生态环境效应研究对指导区域清洁能源开发与促进社会经济发展具有重要意义。本研究以腾格里沙漠为研究区,基于谷歌地球引擎云平台(Google Earth Engine,GEE)并结合2000年、2022年研究区Landsat 8遥感影像,采用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、景观格局指数、地理加权回归模型等方法对沙区风光热基地建设前后生态环境的效应进行分析。结果表明:(1)沙区土地利用空间分布时空异质性显著,主要土地利用类型为沙地、低覆盖草地及戈壁。沙地面积占研究区总面积的69.10%~72.72%。2000-2022年,风光热基地建设前后沙区土地利用类型变化剧烈区主要分布在沙区东南及西南边缘等。(2)近22年,土地利用动态度最高的是工矿建设用地,达到0.11%。沙地转移为工矿建设用地,而工矿建设用地中80%为风光热基地面积,沙地成为风光热基地的重要转移源。(3)区域生态环境质量指数(Ecological Environment Quality Index,EEQI)高值区主要集中在石羊河中下游区域及沙漠西南、东南边缘区。风光热基地集中区域EEQI由水平值提高到0.25~0.87。(4)风光热基地建设后区域内景观要素分散程度降低、破碎度提高,景观空间结构更复杂,区域景观的多样性与异质性增强。此外,风光热基地建设后沙区回归系数总体高于2.5,一定程度上提高了区域生态环境质量指数,加强了土地利用与生态环境质量的相关性。因此,风光热基地的建设带来的土地利用的良性变化有利于促进沙区生态环境质量与景观格局的改善。

The desert region possesses abundant scenic and thermal resources,yet the causal relationships between the constructed scenery and the heat infrastructure and their impact on the regional ecological environment remain inadequately understood in terms of mechanistic understanding.Conducting research on the ecological environmental impact of regional wind-solar-thermal infrastructure development holds great significance in guiding the advancement of clean energy and promoting socioeconomic growth within the region.This study focuses on the Tengger Desert as its research area.Using the Google Earth Engine cloud platform(GEE)and Landsat 8 remote sensing images obtained in 2000 and 2022,the investigation employs diverse analytical methods such as land use dynamic degree,land use transfer matrix,ecological environment quality index(EEQI),landscape pattern index,and geographically weighted regression model(GWR)to evaluate the impact of wind-solar-thermal infrastructure development on the regional ecological environment.The findings indicate that:(1)The land use/land cover(LULC)in the sandy area exhibited apparent spatial and temporal heterogeneity,with sandy land,low-coverage grassland,and Gobi being the main land use types.Notably,the proportion of sandy land accounted for 69.10%to 72.72%of the total study area.In terms of the changes in land use types before and after the construction of the wind and solar power base from 2000 to 2022,the regions with substantial alterations were primarily distributed at the southeast and southwest edges of the sandy area.(2)Over the course of the past 22 years,the highest degree of land use dynamics was observed in industrial and mining construction land,with a notable percentage of 0.11%.A significant portion of sandy land has been transformed into industrial and mining construction land,where approximately 80%of this land was designated for wind and solar power base development.Consequently,sandy land has emerged as a pivotal contributor to the expansion of wind-solar-thermal infrastructure.(3)The regions with the highest EEQI values primarily encompass the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River,as well as the southwest and southeast edges of the desert.The concentrated area of the wind and solar power base displayed an increase in EEQI ranging from 0.25 to 0.87,denoting a considerable improvement in ecological conditions.(4)The construction of the wind and solar power base results in a reduction in the dispersion degree of landscape elements in the region,an enhancement in the fragmentation degree,and a more complex spatial structure.Additionally,the diversity and heterogeneity of the regional landscape were improved.Moreover,following the construction of the wind and solar power base,there was a consistent increase in the regression coefficient of the sandy area,exceeding 2.5 on average.This improvement contributes to enhancing the regional EEQI and further strengthens the correlation between LULC and ecological conditions.As a result,the beneficial changes in land use that accompany the construction of the wind and solar power base serve to promote the improvement of ecological environment quality and landscape patterns in sandy areas.