行政处罚立案程序的制度检视及规范建构

Institutional Review and Normative Construction of Administrative Punishment Filing Procedures

行政处罚立案制度包括立案标准、立案依据公示、违法不立案的法律责任等内容。以行政程序理性审视,行政处罚立案制度存在立案标准不统一、不明确和立案依据公示立法空白等问题。行政处罚的立案标准应当包括“符合管辖”“在追诉时效内”“有证据初步证明有违法事实”等构成要件,不应包括“有明确的违法嫌疑人”要件,符合“首违不罚”“轻微不罚”“证明无主观故意”三种情形之一的可以不予立案。立案依据公示的对象是不特定的社会公众,公示内容应当包括法律依据和事实依据;公示时应采取必要措施以保护处罚相对人的个人信息权益;此外还应根据比例原则,参照行政处罚决定公开期限明确立案依据公示期限。

The filing system of administrative punishment includes the filing standard,the public announcement of the basis of filing,and the legal responsibility of not filing a case for violation of law.Examining from the perspective of Administrative Procedure Rationality,the current filing system has problems such as unified and unclear filing standards and legislative gaps in the public announcement of the basis for filing.The criteria for the filing of administrative penalties should include the elements tht is“n accordance with the jurisdiction”,“within the statute of limitations”,“prima facie evidence of the fact of violation”,and should not include the element of“a clear suspect of the violation”.In line with the“first violation of impunity”,“minor impunity”,“proof of no subjective intention”,one of the three circumstances cannot be filed.The object of the filing basis announcement is the unspecified social public,and the content of the publicity should include legal and factual basis.Necessary measures should be taken during publicity to protect the personal information rights and interests of the punished party.In addition,the principle of proportionality should be followed,and the disclosure period of administrative penalty decisions should be referenced to clarify the publicity term of basis for filing.