基于网络药理学及体内外实验探讨粉防己碱抗黑色素瘤增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用及机制

Effects and Mechanisms of Anti-proliferative,Migration,and Invasion of Tetrandrine Against Melanoma:A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

目的观察粉防己碱对黑色素瘤细胞B16增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响,并探讨其对上皮间质转化(EMT)的作用及潜在调控机制。方法(1)以0、2、4、6、8、10μmol·L^(-1)粉防己碱干预B16细胞24、48 h后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况。1、2、4μmol·L^(-1)粉防己碱干预后,通过平板克隆形成实验检测B16细胞集落形成能力;通过细胞划痕实验及Transwell小室侵袭实验检测B16细胞的迁移、侵袭能力;采用Western Blot法检测B16细胞EMT相关的N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达情况。通过尾静脉注射B16细胞复制小鼠黑色素瘤肺转移模型,观察粉防己碱(50、100 mg·kg^(-1))灌胃给药对小鼠肺部转移肿瘤结节数的影响。(2)利用CTD、Swiss Target Prediction和Similarity Ensemble Approach数据库预测粉防己碱的作用靶点;通过Gene Cards数据库检索黑色素瘤疾病相关靶点;取二者的交集靶点,即为粉防己碱治疗黑色素瘤的潜在作用靶点。将交集靶点导入STRING数据库,构建蛋白互作(PPI)网络,筛选核心靶点;将交集靶点导入DAVID数据库进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。利用Auto Dock软件对粉防己碱与核心靶点进行分子对接验证。(3)体外实验验证:1、2、4μmol·L^(-1)粉防己碱干预后,采用Western Blot法检测关键通路AKT/NF-κB/CREB通路相关蛋白的表达;并利用AKT激动剂SC79进行回复实验验证。结果(1)粉防己碱干预B16细胞24、48 h的IC50分别为4.273、4.085μmol·L^(-1)。与对照组比较,1、2、4μmol·L^(-1)粉防己碱组的细胞集落形成能力、划痕愈合率及侵袭率均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);细胞Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.01,P<0.001),E-cadherin蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01,P<0.001)。与模型对照组比较,粉防己碱高剂量组小鼠的黑色素瘤肺转移结节数量明显减少(P<0.05)。(2)共得到60个粉防己碱治疗黑色素瘤的潜在作用靶点;进一步筛选出AKT1、TNF、CCND1、RELA、CASP9、CHUK、CREBBP等核心靶点,其中AKT1为相互作用最强的靶点;主要涉及细胞凋亡、Fox O、TNF、PI3K-AKT、NF-κB等信号通路。分子对接显示,粉防己碱与AKT1、TNF、RELA等核心靶点均有较强的结合活性。(3)与对照组比较,粉防己碱1、2、4μmol·L^(-1)组细胞的p-AKT/AKT、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65、p-CREB/CREB蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01);SC79组细胞的p-AKT、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.001)。与SC79组比较,2μmol·L^(-1)粉防己碱+SC79组细胞的p-AKT、p-NF-κB p65、p-CREB蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.001)。结论粉防己碱可能通过调控AKT/NF-κB/CREB通路抑制小鼠黑色素瘤的增殖、迁移、侵袭及EMT,进而抑制小鼠黑色素瘤肺转移。

Objective To observe the effects of tetrandrine on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of melanoma cell B16,and to explore its effects on epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and potential regulatory mechanisms.Methods(1)The proliferation of B16 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after 0,2,4,6,8 and10μmol·L^(-1)of tetrandrine intervention for 24 and 48 hours.The colony formation ability of B16 cells was detected by plate clone formation assay after 1,2 and 4μmol·L^(-1)of tetrandrine intervention;the migration and invasion ability of B16 cells was detected by cell scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay;the expressions of N-cadherin,Vimentin and E-cadherin related to EMT in B16 cells were detected by Western Blot assay.The mouse melanoma lung metastasis model was replicated by tail vein injection of B16 cells to observe the effects of tetrandrine(50 and100 mg·kg^(-1))administered by gavage on the number of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs of mice.(2)The CTD,Swiss Target Prediction and Similarity Ensemble Approach databases were used to predict the targets of tetrandrine;the Gene Cards database was used to search for targets related to melanoma disease;the intersection of these two databases was taken as the potential target of tetrandrine for melanoma treatment.The intersected targets were imported into STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and screen the core targets;the intersected targets were imported into DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis;and molecular docking between tetrandrine and the core targets was verified by Autodock software.(3)In vivo experimental validation:after intervention of 1,2 and 4μmol·L^(-1)tetrandrine,Western Blot method was used to detect the expression of the key pathway AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathway-related proteins;and AKT agonist SC79was used to validate the replication experiments.Results(1)The IC_(50)of B16 cells intervened by tetrandrine was4.273 and 4.085μmol·L^(-1)at 24 and 48 hours.Compared with the control group,the colony forming ability,scratch healing rate and invasion rate of cells in the 1,2 and 4μmol·L^(-1)tetrandrine group were all significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);the expressions of cellular Vimentin and N-cadherin protein expressions were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01,P<0.001),and E-cadherin protein expression was significantly upregulated(P<0.01,P<0.001).Compared with the model control group,the number of melanoma lung metastatic nodules was significantly reduced in the mice in the high-dose group of tetrandrine(P<0.05).(2)A total of60 potential targets were obtained for the treatment of melanoma with tetrandrine;core targets such as AKT1,TNF,CCND1,RELA,CASP9,CHUK,and CREBBP were further screened,among which AKT1 was the most strongly interacting target;the signaling pathways such as apoptosis,Fox O,TNF,PI3K-AKT,and NF-κB were mainly involved.The molecular docking showed that tetrandrine had strong binding activity with AKT1,TNF,RELA and other core targets.Compared with the control group,protein expressions of p-AKT/AKT,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and p-CREB/CREB were significantly down-regulated in the cells of the tetrandrine 1,2,and4μmol·L^(-1)groups(P<0.05,P<0.01);protein expressions of p-AKT and p-NF-κB p65 were significantly upregulated in the cells of the SC79 group(P<0.001).Compared with the SC79 group,protein expressions of pAKT,p-NF-κB p65,and p-CREB were significantly down-regulated in the cells of the 2μmol·L^(-1)tetrandrine+SC79 group(P<0.001).Conclusion Tetrandrine may inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion and EMT of mouse melanoma by regulating the AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathway,and thus inhibit the lung metastasis of mouse melanoma.