论黔东苗语的领属结构

On the Possessive Structureof Qian-Dong MiaoDialect

考察黔东苗语的领属结构当从其结构特征、语义关系和语法功能着手。黔东苗语的领属范畴比较复杂,领属结构有粘着型、嵌入型和分裂型3个类型,句式基本为“领有者(+标记)+所属者”格式,有的领属结构与生命度有紧密联系。领属标记有“tsε35(家)”“paη31(的)”和量词。人称代词具有领属功能,其声调等发生变化;量词除了有量词功能外,也具有领属功能。专有人名后跟名词时,具有领属功能。

This paper examines the structural features, semantic relations and grammatical functions of the possessive structure of the Qian-Dong Miao dialect. There are three types of ownership structure: adhesive type, embedded type and split type. The sentence pattern is basically "owner(+ mark) + owner". Some ownership structures are closely related to life degree. The possession marks are "tsε~(35)(home)," "paη~(31)(of)," and quantifiers. The personal pronoun has the function of possession, and its tone changes. In addition to the quantifier function, the quantifier also has the possession function. When a proper name is followed by a noun, it has the function of possession.