百色市青少年领悟社会支持对积极应对的性别差异:心理韧性和一般自我效能感的双重中介效应

Gender differences in perceived social support for positive coping among adolescents in Baise city:the dual mediating effect of mental resilience and General Self-Efficacy

目的分析青春前期青少年不同性别层面心理韧性、一般自我效能感、领悟社会支持和应对方式的关系及中介效应。方法以班级为单位,按照随机整群抽样的原则,在桂西地区随机抽取534名初中生作为研究对象,其中男生301名,女生233名。调查对象年龄在11~14岁,平均年龄为(13.26±7.48)岁。采用心理韧性量表(RS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行问卷调查。结果①男生的一般自我效能感、领悟社会支持和积极应对维度的得分均高于女生(P<0.05);②男生领悟社会支持、心理韧性、一般自我效能感、积极应对之间分别存在正相关关系(P<0.01);女生领悟社会支持、一般自我效能感和积极应对之间分别存在正相关关系(P<0.01);③男生的心理韧性(β=0.176,P<0.001)、一般自我效能感(β=0.108,P=0.005)在领悟社会支持和积极应对之间存在链式中介作用,中介效应占总效应的46%;女生的一般自我效能感(β=0.134,P<0.001)在领悟社会支持和积极应对间存在中介效应,中介效应占总效应的23%。结论青春前期青少年心理韧性、一般自我效能感在领悟社会支持和积极应对间起中介作用。

Objective To analyze the relationship and mediating effect of psychological resilience,General Self-Efficacy,perceived social support and coping styles among prepubertal adolescents of different genders.Methods Using the principle of random cluster sampling with classes as units,a total of 534 junior high school students were randomly selected as the research objects in West Guangxi Province.Among them,301 were male and 233 were female,aged between 11 and 14 years(mean age:13.26±7.48 years).The survey utilized the Mental Resilience Scale(RS),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ).Results①The scores for General Self-Efficacy,perceived social support and positive coping were higher among male students compared to female students(P<0.05);②Positive correlations were found among perceived social support,mental resilience,General Self-Efficacy and positive coping among male students(P<0.01);Similarly,positive correlations were observed between perceived social support,General Self-Efficacy and positive coping among female students(P<0.01);③Male students’mental resilience(β=0.176,P<0.001)and General Self-Efficacy(β=0.108,P=0.005)had a chain mediating effect between perceived social support and positive coping,accounting for 46%of the total effect.For female students,General Self-Efficacy(β=0.134,P<0.001)had a mediating effect between perceived social support and positive coping,accounting for 23%of the total effect.Conclusion Both mental resilience and General Self-Efficacy play a mediating role in the association between perceived social support and positive coping among prepubertal adolescents.