考虑设施失效的应急物资多阶段分配研究

Research on Multi-stage Allocation of Emergency Supplies Considering Facility Failure

在灾后初期救援过程中,制定合理的应急物资分配计划,对于快速有效地将应急物资分配到受灾点、减轻灾情具有重要意义。针对灾后初期物资供不应求下的应急物资分配问题,综合考虑了灾后初期救援阶段性特点、设施失效、配送点每阶段物资库存量动态变化等特征,以应急物资分配公平性最大、应急物资配送总时间最短和应急物资分配总成本最小为目标,建立灾后初期设施失效下的多阶段应急物资分配混合整数规划模型。运用增广ε约束法对多目标模型进行求解,以“7·20”郑州暴雨为例,对相应的参数进行敏感性分析、目标函数进行均衡分析,验证模型的有效性。研究结果可以为决策者在设施失效下灾后初期的应急物资分配优化提供决策支持。

In the early stage of post-disaster rescue,formulating a reasonable emergency material distribution plan is of great significance for quickly and effectively distributing emergency materials to disaster-stricken points and reducing disaster conditions.The paper is aiming at the distribution of emergency materials in the early post-disaster period when the supply of materials is in short supply,the characteristics of the initial stage after the disaster,facility failure and dynamic change of material inventory at each stage of distribution point are comprehensively considered.A mixed integer programming model for multi-stage emergency material allocation under the initial post-disaster facility failure is established with the maximum,the shortest total time of emergency material allocation and the minimum total cost of emergency material allocation.The augmentε-constraint method is used to solve the model.Taking the July 20 Zhengzhou rainstorm as an example,the sensitivity analysis of the corresponding parameters and the equilibrium analysis of the objective function are carried out to verify the validity of the model.The research results can provide decision support for decision makers in the early post-disaster allocation optimization of emergency supplies in the event of facility failure.