龙门石窟古阳洞交脚弥勒菩萨像的服饰演变研究

Research on the Evolution of Attire of the Crossed-leg Maitreya Bodhisattva Statue at Guyang Cave in the Longmen Grottoes

古阳洞交脚弥勒菩萨像的服饰可归为斜披络腋型、帔帛交叉型、璎珞交叉型和璎珞与帔帛复合型。梳理相关案例的营建次序,并与云冈石窟第二期洞窟的相似式样进行比较,可以发现以上四种服饰类型在北魏太和、景明年间并不是呈递进关系,而是并行关系,这成为认知北魏石窟菩萨造像服饰等级秩序发展的重要窗口。

The attire of the crossed-leg Maitreya Bodhisattva statue at Guyang Cave can be classified into four types:the diagonally draped over the shoulders and under the arms type,the draped cloth and crossed scarf type,the crossed necklace and scarf type,and the combined necklace and draped cloth type.By analyzing the construction sequence of relevant cases and comparing them with similar styles in the second phase of the Yungang Grottoes,it can be found that these four types had a logical parallel relationship during the Northern Wei Dynasty's Taihe and Jingming periods,rather than a progressive substitutional relationship.This provides an important window into the development of the hierarchical order of attire in Northern Wei cave Buddha statues.