以商业本票为抓手 破解拖欠企业货款的难题

Commercial Promissory Notes as a Breakthrough to Solve the Problem of Delinquent Payments to Enterprises

在1998年我国消费品市场总体上由卖方市场向买方市场转变以及商业信用机制缺失的背景下,拖欠企业货款成为中国经济运行过程中长期存在且有着加重趋势的一个痼疾。论文利用1998-2022年工业企业应收账款和金融机构人民币信贷收支表中机关团体和非金融企业存款的数据,分析了这一痼疾的成因以及商业信用机制缺失的相关效应,并在对比商业本票、商业承兑汇票和银行承兑汇票的基础上提出解决这一痼疾的政策建议。要破解中国经济运行中小微企业货款屡屡被拖欠所形成的经济循环堵点,必须加快发展以商业本票为基础的商业信用机制,为此,需要修改完善《票据法》、转变观念、坚持真实交易原则、实行资格认证制度、落实破产法和强化金融监管。

Against the backdrop of the overall shift from a seller's market to a buyer's market in China's consumer goods market in 1998 and the absence of the trade credit mechanism,defaults on payments to enterprises have become a longstanding and aggravating problem in China's economy.This paper analyzes the causes of this chronic problem and the related effects of the lack of trade credit mechanism by using the data of accounts receivable of industrial enterprises and deposits of organizations and non-financial enterprises in the Sources&Uses of Credit Funds of Financial Institutions(RMB)from 1998 to 2022.Based on the comparison of commercial promissory notes,commercial acceptances and bank acceptances,policy suggestions are made to solve this chronic problem.In order to break the economic circulation blockage caused by the repeated default of payments to small and medium-sized microenterprises in China's economy,it is necessary to accelerate the development of trade credit mechanisms based on commercial promissory notes,and in order to do so,it is necessary to amend and improve the Bills of Exchange Law,change wrong concepts,adhere to the principle of real transactions,implement the qualification system,implement the bankruptcy law,and strengthen financial supervision.