无线传感器网络LEACH算法的改进与仿真分析

Improvement and simulation analysis of LEACH algorithm of wireless sensor network

对无线传感器网络分簇路由协议中LEACH算法进行了研究,针对算法中簇头节点随机选取、节点能量分布不均等不足之处,提出一种基于节点剩余能量、邻居密度与基站相对距离等因素改进的LEACH算法。改进后的算法通过网络最低能耗计算得出最优簇头数目,在簇头选取阶段,优化簇头的阈值计算公式,使节点剩余能量高、节点邻居数目多、相对基站距离近的节点更容易成为簇头。利用MATLAB软件,对LEACH算法、HEED算法及改进的LEACH算法的性能进行了仿真分析和比较。实验结果表明,改进的LEACH算法的网络整体能耗要低于LEACH算法和HEED算法,并显著地延长了网络的生存时间。

According to research on the LEACH algorithm in wireless sensor network clustering routing protocols, a modified LEACH algorithm is proposed to address the shortcomings of random selection and uneven distribution of cluster head nodes in the algorithm. The improved algorithm takes into account factors such as node energy, neighbor density, and relative distance to the base station.The modified algorithm makes it easier for nodes with higher remaining energy, more neighbors, and closer proximity to the base station to become cluster heads. The performance of LEACH algorithm,HEED algorithm, and improved LEACH algorithm were simulated, analyzed, and compared using MATLAB software. The experimental results show that the overall energy consumption of the improved LEACH algorithm is lower than that of the LEACH and HEED algorithms, and significantly prolongs the network's survival time.